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Report
A Demand System Approach to Asset Pricing
Yogo, Motohiro; Koijen, Ralph S. J.
(2015-04-17)
This Staff Report was previously titled "An Equilibrium Model of Institutional Demand and Asset Prices." {{p}} We develop an asset pricing model with rich heterogeneity in asset demand across investors, designed to match institutional holdings data. The equilibrium price vector is uniquely determined by market clearing, which equates the supply of each asset to aggregate demand. We estimate the model on U.S. stock market data by instrumental variables, under an identifying assumption that allows for price impact. The model sheds light on the role of institutions in stock market ...
Staff Report
, Paper 510
Working Paper
COVID-19 as a Stress Test: Assessing the Bank Regulatory Framework
Mooney, Timothy; Martinez, Francis; Loudis, Bert; Wix, Carlo; Iercosan, Diana A.; Duncan, Elizabeth; Warusawitharana, Missaka; Wang, Ke; Abboud, Alice; Ranish, Benjamin; Horvath, Akos
(2021-04-06)
The widespread economic damage caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses the first major test of the bank regulatory reforms put in place following the global financial crisis. This study assesses this framework, with an emphasis on capital and liquidity requirements. Leading up to the COVID-19 crisis, banks were well-capitalized and held ample liquid assets, reflecting in part heightened requirements. Capital requirements were comparable across major jurisdictions, despite differences in the implementation of the international Basel standards. The overall robust capital and liquidity ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2021-024
Discussion Paper
Cross-Country Evidence on Transmission of Liquidity Risk through Global Banks
Chapman, James T. E.; Goldberg, Linda S.; Buch, Claudia M.
(2014-10-01)
Over the past thirty years, the typical large bank has become a global entity with subsidiaries in many countries. In parallel, financial liberalization has increased the interconnectedness of banking systems, with domestic banking systems becoming more exposed to shocks transmitted through foreign banks. This globalization of banking propagated liquidity risk during the global financial crisis and subsequent euro area crisis. Unfortunately, little is known about how cross-border operations of global banks transmit liquidity shocks between countries. The seminal work by Peek and Rosengren ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20141001
Working Paper
Lliquidity, trends, and the great recession
Guerron-Quintana, Pablo; Jinnai, Ryo
(2014-08-21)
The authors study the impact that the liquidity crunch in 2008-2009 had on the U.S. economy?s growth trend. To this end, the authors propose a model featuring endogenous productivity a la Romer and a liquidity friction a la Kiyotaki-Moore. A key finding in the authors? study is that liquidity declined around the Lehman Brothers? demise, which led to the severe contraction in the economy. This liquidity shock was a tail event. Improving conditions in financial markets were crucial in the subsequent recovery. Had conditions remained at their worst level in 2008, output would have been 20 ...
Working Papers
, Paper 14-24
Report
The Risk of Becoming Risk Averse: A Model of Asset Pricing and Trade Volumes
Atkeson, Andrew; Alvarez, Fernando
(2018-12-31)
We develop a new general equilibrium model of asset pricing and asset trading volume in which agents? motivations to trade arise due to uninsurable idiosyncratic shocks to agents? risk tolerance. In response to these shocks, agents trade to rebalance their portfolios between risky and riskless assets. We study a positive question ? When does trade volume become a pricing factor? ? and a normative question ? What is the impact of Tobin taxes on asset trading on welfare? In our model, economies in which marketwide risk tolerance is negatively correlated with trade volume have a higher risk ...
Staff Report
, Paper 577
Working Paper
The Fed's Discount Window in "Normal" Times
Ennis, Huberto M.; Klee, Elizabeth C.
(2024-12-20)
We study transaction-level data of bank borrowings at the Federal Reserve’s discount window from 2010 to 2019. We merge these data with quarterly information on bank balance sheets and income statements. To aid in the interpretation of our empirical analysis, we also develop a detailed model of the decision of banks to borrow from various sources, including the discount window. The objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the reasons why banks use the discount window during “normal” times—periods of relative calm in financial markets. Consistent with our model, we find ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2021-016r1
Working Paper
The Relationship between Market Depth and Liquidity Fragility in the Treasury Market
Meldrum, Andrew C.; Sokolinskiy, Oleg
(2025-02-21)
Analysis of market liquidity often focuses on measures of the current cost of trading. However, investors and policy-makers also care about what would happen to liquidity in the event of an adverse shock. If liquidity were to deteriorate rapidly at times when investors were seeking to rebalance portfolios, this could amplify the effects of shocks to the financial system even if liquidity is high most of the time. We examine the potential for such fragility of liquidity in the Treasury market. We show that a reduction in the availability of resting orders to trade ("market depth") increases ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2025-014
Working Paper
Financial Stability Considerations for Monetary Policy: Theoretical Mechanisms
Ajello, Andrea; Boyarchenko, Nina; Gourio, François; Tambalotti, Andrea
(2022-02-15)
This paper reviews the theoretical literature at the intersection of macroeconomics and finance to draw lessons on the connection between vulnerabilities in the financial system and the macroeconomy, and on how monetary policy affects that connection. This literature finds that financial vulnerabilities are inherent to financial systems and tend to be procyclical. Moreover, financial vulnerabilities amplify the effects of adverse shocks to the economy, so that even a small shock to fundamentals or a small revision of beliefs can create a self-reinforcing feedback loop that impairs credit ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2022-005
Working Paper
The Fed's Discount Window in "Normal" Times
Klee, Elizabeth C.; Ennis, Huberto M.
(2021-03-19)
We study new transaction-level data of discount window borrowing in the U.S. between 2010 and 2017, merged with quarterly data on bank financial con- ditions (balance sheet and revenue). The objective is to improve our under- standing of the reasons for why banks use the discount window during periods outside financial crises. We also provide a model of the decision of banks to borrow at the window, which is helpful for interpreting the data. We find that decisions to gain access and to borrow at the discount window are meaning- fully correlated with some relevant banks' characteristics and ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2021-016
Working Paper
Liquidity Premiums on Government Debt and the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level
Berentsen, Aleksander; Waller, Christopher J.
(2017-03-29)
We construct a dynamic general equilibrium model where agents use nominal government bonds as collateral in secured lending arrangements. If the collateral constraint binds, agents price in a liquidity premium on bonds that lowers the real rate on bonds. In equilibrium, the price level is determined according to the fiscal theory of the price level. However, the market value of government debt exceeds its fundamental value. We then examine the dynamic properties of the model and show that the market value of the government debt can fluctuate even though there are no changes to current or ...
Working Papers
, Paper 2017-8
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