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Report
A study of competing designs for a liquidity-saving mechanism
McAndrews, James J.; Martin, Antoine (2008-07-01)
We study two designs for a liquidity-saving mechanism (LSM), a queuing arrangement used with an interbank settlement system. We consider an environment where banks are subjected to liquidity shocks. Banks must make the decision to send, queue, or delay their payments after observing a noisy signal of the shock. With a balance-reactive LSM, banks can set a balance threshold below which payments are not released from the queue. Banks can choose their threshold such that the release of a payment from the queue is conditional on the liquidity shock. With a receipt-reactive LSM, a payment is ...
Staff Reports , Paper 336

Working Paper
Optimal Monetary Policy and Capital Account Restrictions in a Small Open Economy
Spiegel, Mark M.; Liu, Zheng (2013)
The recent financial crisis has led to large declines in world interest rates and surges of capital flows to emerging market economies. We examine the effectiveness and welfare implications of capital control policies in the face of such external shocks in a monetary DSGE model of a small open economy. We consider both optimal, time-varying restrictions on capital inflows and a simple capital account restriction, such as a constant tax on foreign debt holdings. We then compare the effectiveness of such capital account restrictions under alternative monetary regimes. We find that the optimal ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2013-33

Working Paper
Excess Reserves and Monetary Policy Implementation
Lester, Benjamin; Armenter, Roc (2016-11-29)
In response to the Great Recession, the Federal Reserve resorted to several unconventional policies that drastically altered the landscape of the federal funds market. The current environment, in which depository institutions are flush with excess reserves, has forced policymakers to design a new operational framework for monetary policy implementation. We provide a parsimonious model that captures the key features of the current federal funds market along with the instruments introduced by the Federal Reserve to implement its target for the federal funds rate. We use this model to analyze ...
Working Papers , Paper 16-33

Working Paper
Beyond the Doomsday Economics of “Proof-of-Work” in Cryptocurrencies
Auer, Raphael (2019-02-01)
This paper discusses the economics of how Bitcoin achieves data immutability, and thus payment finality, via costly computations, i.e., ?proof-of-work.? Further, it explores what the future might hold for cryptocurrencies modelled on this type of consensus algorithm. The conclusions are, first, that Bitcoin counterfeiting via ?double-spending? attacks is inherently profitable, making payment finality based on proof-of-work extremely expensive. Second, the transaction market cannot generate an adequate level of ?mining? income via fees as users free-ride on the fees of other transactions in a ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 355

Working Paper
The Heterogeneous Impact of Referrals on Labor Market Outcomes
Lester, Benjamin; Rivers, David A.; Topa, Giorgio (2021-10-26)
We document a new set of facts regarding the impact of referrals on labor market outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of distinguishing between different types of referrals—those from family and friends and those from business contacts—and different occupations. Then we develop an on-the-job search model that incorporates referrals and calibrate the model to key moments in the data. The calibrated model yields new insights into the roles played by different types of referrals in the match formation process and provides quantitative estimates of the effects of referrals on ...
Working Papers , Paper 21-34

Working Paper
Recurrent overdrafts: a deliberate decision by some prepaid cardholders?
Hayashi, Fumiko; Cuddy, Emily (2014-10-01)
Overdrafts have been an ongoing concern of policymakers, and they are one of the main issues being considered for prepaid card rules that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is currently drafting. Despite regulatory interventions and heated debate between proponents and opponents of further intervention, little research has been conducted to understand the overdraft behavior of prepaid cardholders. This paper attempts to fill that gap by analyzing a large micro-level dataset of general purpose reloadable (GPR) prepaid cardholders. We find that a small percentage of GPR prepaid ...
Research Working Paper , Paper RWP 14-8

Report
A primer on the GCF Repo® Service
Pingitore, Kate; Davis, Isaac; Copeland, Adam; Rivas, Tyisha; Prugar, Caroline; Agueci, Paul; Martin, Antoine; Alkan, Leyla (2014-04-01)
This primer provides a detailed description of the GCF Repo Service, a financial service provided by the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation. The primer is composed of an introductory note and two separate papers. {{p}} The first paper focuses on the clearance and settlement of GCF Repo. These financial plumbing details are especially important because the settlement of GCF Repo has been and will continue to be impacted by the current reforms to the tri-party repo settlement platform. In particular, the authors lay out the various ways that intraday credit was used pre-reform to facilitate the ...
Staff Reports , Paper 671

Working Paper
Eggs in One Basket: Security and Convenience of Digital Currencies
Rivadeneyra, Francisco; Wong, Tsz-Nga; Kahn, Charles M. (2020-09-04)
Digital currencies store balances in anonymous electronic addresses. We analyze the trade-offs between safety and convenience of aggregating balances in addresses, electronic wallets and banks. In our model agents balance the risk of theft of a large account with the cost to safeguarding a large number of passwords of many small accounts. Account custodians (banks, wallets and other payment service providers) have different objectives and tradeoffs on these dimensions; we analyze the welfare effects of differing industry structures and interdependencies, and in particular the consequences ...
Working Papers , Paper 2020-032

Journal Article
The issuance of series-1996 $100 Federal Reserve notes: goals, strategy, and likely results.
Pianalto, Rosanna S.; Allison, Theodore E. (1997-07)
In March 1996, the Federal Reserve began issuing series-1996 $100 Federal Reserve notes. Culminating a cooperative effort by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve System that dated from the 1980s, the series-1996 note was the first major design change in U.S. currency in sixty-six years. The new note was developed to provide better protection for users of U.S. currency against the growing threat of counterfeiting, especially that posed by increasingly affordable and capable color scanning and printing systems. This article discusses the Federal Reserve's strategy for ...
Federal Reserve Bulletin , Volume 83 , Issue Jul

Journal Article
The political origins of Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act
Sastry, Parinitha (2018-24-01)
At the height of the financial crisis of 2007-09, the Federal Reserve conducted emergency lending under authority granted to it in the third paragraph of Section 13 of the Federal Reserve Act. This article explores the political and legislative origins of the section, focusing on why Congress chose to endow the central bank with such an authority. The author describes how in the initial passage of the act in 1913, Congress demonstrated its steadfast commitment to the ?real bills? doctrine in two interrelated ways: 1) by limiting what assets the Fed could purchase, discount, and use as ...
Economic Policy Review , Issue 24-1 , Pages 1-33

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