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Working Paper
Private money and banking regulation
Sanches, Daniel R.; Monnet, Cyril (2015-04-09)
We show that a competitive banking system is inconsistent with an optimum quantity of private money. Because bankers cannot commit to their promises and the composition of their assets is not publicly observable, a positive franchise value is required to induce the full convertibility of bank liabilities. Under perfect competition, a positive franchise value can be obtained only if the return on bank liabilities is sufficiently low, which imposes a cost on those who hold these liabilities for transaction purposes. If the banking system is monopolistic, then an efficient allocation is ...
Working Papers , Paper 15-19

Working Paper
Is the Rent Too High? Aggregate Implications of Local Land-Use Regulation
Bunten, Devin (2017-06)
Highly productive U.S. cities are characterized by high housing prices, low housing stock growth, and restrictive land-use regulations (e.g., San Francisco). While new residents would benefit from housing stock growth in cities with highly productive firms, existing residents justify strict local land-use regulations on the grounds of congestion and other costs of further development. This paper assesses the welfare implications of these local regulations for income, congestion, and urban sprawl within a general-equilibrium model with endogenous regulation. In the model, households choose ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2017-064

Working Paper
Taxes, regulations, and asset prices
Prescott, Edward C.; McGrattan, Ellen R. (2001)
U.S. stock prices have increased much faster than gross domestic product GDP) in the postwar period. Between 1962 and 2000, corporate equity value relative to GDP nearly doubled. In this paper, we determine what standard growth theory says the equity value should be in 1962 and 2000, the two years for which our steady-state assumption is a reasonable one. We find that the actual valuations were close to the theoretical predictions in both years. The reason for the large run-up in equity value relative to GDP is that the average tax rate on dividends fell dramatically between 1962 and 2000. We ...
Working Papers , Paper 610

Discussion Paper
Money Market Funds and the New SEC Regulation
Shah, Neha; Cipriani, Marco; Mulder, Philip; Chen, Catherine; La Spada, Gabriele (2017-03-20)
On October 14, 2016, amendments to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rule 2a-7, which governs money market mutual funds (MMFs), went into effect. The changes are designed to reduce MMFs? susceptibility to destabilizing runs and contain two principal requirements. First, institutional prime and muni funds?but not retail or government funds?must now compute their net asset values (NAVs) using market-based factors, thereby abandoning the fixed NAV that had been a hallmark of the MMF industry. Second, all prime and muni funds must adopt a system of gates and fees on redemptions, which can ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20170320

Speech
Responding to economic crises: good intentions, bad incentives, and ugly results: a speech at The Union League of Philadelphia, October 20, 2010
Plosser, Charles I. (2010-10-20)
Presented by Charles I. Plosser, President and Chief Executive Officer, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia> The Union League of Philadelphia, October 20, 2010
Speech , Paper 44

Journal Article
Taming the credit cycle by limiting high-risk lending
Gunther, Jeffery W. (2009)
Reformers should review the loan-to-value guidelines for real estate lending, toughen them up where necessary and, most important, put the force of law behind them.
Economic Letter , Volume 4

Journal Article
Are the New Basel III Capital Buffers Countercyclical? Exploring the Option of a Rule-Based Countercyclical Buffer
Occhino, Filippo (2018-04-03)
Countercyclical capital regulation can reduce the procyclicality of the banking system and dampen aggregate economic fluctuations. I describe two new capital buffers introduced in Basel III and discuss why their countercyclical effects may be small. If over time regulators want to increase the degree of countercyclicality of capital regulation, they might consider adopting a rule-based countercyclical buffer, that is, a buffer that is automatically lowered during recessions according to a rule. I present a conservative example of such a rule and its effects on capital requirements over the ...
Economic Commentary , Volume 2018 , Issue 03 , Pages 6

Conference Paper
The financial crisis and global policy reforms
Eichengreen, Barry (2009-10)
Proceedings , Issue Oct , Pages 299-334

Working Paper
The Role of Regulation and Bank Competition in Small Firm Financing: Evidence from the Community Reinvestment Act
Avramidis, Panagiotis; Pennacchi, George; Serfes, Konstantinos; Wu, Kejia (2022-02-17)
This paper analyzes how bank regulation that promotes greater access to credit impacts the financing of targeted small firms. It develops a model where banks compete with trade creditors to fund small firms and applies it to study the effects of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). The empirical tests reveal that a CRA-induced increase in bank loans reduces small firms’ use of relatively expensive trade credit. The effect is more profound in low- and medium-income areas where financial constraints are tighter due to low bank competition. The effect is also larger for small firms that ...
Working Papers , Paper 22-06

Working Paper
A Macroprudential Perspective on the Regulatory Boundaries of U.S. Financial Assets
Arseneau, David M.; Brang, Grace; Darst, Matt; Faber, Jacob M. M.; Rappoport, David E.; Vardoulakis, Alexandros (2022-01-14)
This paper uses data from the Financial Accounts of the United States to map out the regulatory boundaries of assets held by U.S. financial institutions from a macroprudential perspective. We provide a quantitative measure of the regulatory perimeter—the boundary between the part of the financial sector that is subject to some form of prudential regulatory oversight and that which is not—and show how it has evolved over the past forty years. Additionally, we measure the boundaries between different regulatory agencies and financial institutions that operate within the regulatory perimeter ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2022-002

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