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Working Paper
The Implications of Labor Market Heterogeneity for Unemployment Insurance Design
Birinci, Serdar; See, Kurt (2026-01-23)
We estimate unemployment insurance (UI) eligibility, take-up, and replacement rates at the individual level and document how they vary with earnings, wealth, and unemployment duration. We extend a widely used framework that combines an incomplete-markets model with a frictional labor market to match our findings. We show that the optimal UI policy becomes substantially more generous. The gap between optimal policies in the two models is largely driven by endogenous UI take-up, which entails a utility cost: only those who value UI the most choose to take it. The welfare gains from insuring ...
Working Papers , Paper 2024-026

Journal Article
Unemployment insurance fraud
Fuller, David L.; Ravikumar, B.; Zhang, Yuzhe (2012)
Concealed Earnings fraud accounts for almost two-thirds of the total overpayments due to all fraud.
Economic Synopses

Working Paper
Does Unemployment Risk Affect Business Cycle Dynamics?
Graves, Sebastian (2020-09-18)
In this paper, I show that the decline in household consumption during unemployment spells depends on both liquid and illiquid asset positions. I also provide evidence that unemployment spells predict the withdrawal of illiquid assets, particularly when households have few liquid assets. Motivated by these findings, I embed endogenous unemployment risk in a two-asset heterogeneous-agent New Keynesian model. The model is consistent with the above evidence and provides a new propagation mechanism for aggregate shocks due to a flight-to-liquidity that occurs when unemployment risk rises. This ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1298

How Should the Government Spend the Fiscal Budget during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Mercan, Yusuf; Birinci, Serdar; See, Kurt; Karahan, Fatih (2020-08-20)
A mix of expanded unemployment insurance benefits and payroll subsidies to employers may be more effective in speeding up the recovery than implementing just one of those policies.
On the Economy

Unemployment Insurance Eligibility, Replacement and Takeup Rates across the U.S.
Birinci, Serdar; See, Kurt; Gerlach, Gus (2026-03-23)
Differences in states’ UI rules create large variations across the U.S. in eligibility, how many of those eligible take benefits, and income that is replaced.
On the Economy

Discussion Paper
Changes in State Unemployment Insurance Rules during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the U.S.
Xie, Zoe (2020-04-14)
The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented expansion in unemployment insurance (UI) eligibility across states. While more than forty states had modified UI rules by the end of March, not all states responded in the same way. In this article, I summarize the changes to state UI rules in response to the crisis and explore factors that have contributed to the variation in states’ responses.
Policy Hub , Paper 2020-2

Report
Why did the average duration of unemployment become so much longer?
Sahin, Aysegul; Mukoyama, Toshihiko (2004-09-01)
This paper examines the causes of the observed increase in the average duration of unemployment over the past thirty years. First we analyze whether changes in the demographic composition of the U.S. labor force, particularly the age and gender composition, can explain this increase. We then consider the contribution of institutional changes, such as the change in the generosity and coverage of unemployment insurance. We find that changes in the composition of the labor force and institutional changes can only partially account for the longer duration of unemployment. We construct a job ...
Staff Reports , Paper 194

Report
Unemployment in Canada and the U.S.: lessons from the 1980's
Moorthy, Vivek (1989)
Research Paper , Paper 8911

Working Paper
Enhanced Unemployment Insurance Benefits in the United States during COVID-19: Equity and Efficiency
Valletta, Robert G.; Yilma, Mary (2024-05-06)
We assess the effects of the historically unprecedented expansion of U.S. unemployment insurance (UI) payments during the COVID-19 pandemic. The adverse economic impacts of the pandemic, notably the pattern of job losses and earnings reductions, were disproportionately born by lower-income individuals. Focusing on household income as a broad measure of well-being, we document that UI payments almost completely offset the increase in household income inequality that otherwise would have occurred in 2020 and 2021. We also examine the impacts of the $600 increase in weekly UI benefit payments, ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2024-15

Working Paper
Unemployment Insurance and the Uninsured
Regev, Tali (2006-12-01)
Under federal-state law workers who quit a job are not entitled to receive unemployment insurance benefits. To show how the existence of the uninsured affects wages and employment, I extend an equilibrium search model to account for two types of unemployed workers: those who are currently receiving unemployment benefits and for whom an increase in unemployment benefits reduces the incentive to work, and those who are currently not insured. For these, work provides an added value in the form of future eligibility, and an increase in unemployment benefits increases their willingness to work. ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2006-48

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