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Journal Article
A model law
Clement, Douglas (2006-03)
A newly drafted model law may help bring loans to Indian country.
Fedgazette , Volume 18 , Issue Mar

Working Paper
The macroeconomics of microfinance
Buera, Francisco J.; Kaboski, Joseph P.; Shin, Yongseok (2013)
We provide a quantitative evaluation of the aggregate and distributional impact of microfinance or credit programs targeted toward small businesses. We find that the redistributive impact of microfinance is stronger in general equilibrium than in partial equilibrium, but the impact on aggregate output and capital is smaller in general equilibrium. Aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) increases with microfinance in general equilibrium but decreases in partial equilibrium. When general equilibrium effects are accounted for, scaling up the microfinance program will have only a small impact ...
Working Papers , Paper 2013-034

Working Paper
The importance of financial market development on the relationship between loan guarantees for SMEs and local market employment rates
Craig, Ben R.; Armstrong, Craig E.; Thomson, James B.; Jackson, William E. (2010)
We empirically examine whether a major government intervention in the small-firm credit market yields significantly better results in markets that are less financially developed. The government intervention that we investigate is SBA-guaranteed lending. The literature on financing small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) suggests that small firms may be exposed to a particular type of market failure associated with credit rationing. And SMEs in markets that are less financially developed will likely face a greater degree of this market failure. To test our hypothesis, we use the level of bank ...
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 1020

Journal Article
Community perspectives: the Nevada Bankers Collaborative
Cousins, Joselyn (2010-10)
Since 2002, bankers in Nevada have been working together to pool resources with the goal of increasing the impact of their community development dollars. This article tracks the progress and activities of the Nevada Bankers Collaborative and discusses some of the lessons learned over the past eight years of community development work.
Community Investments , Volume 22 , Issue Fall

Working Paper
Starting small and ending big -- the effect of monetary incentives on response rates in the 2003 Survey of Small Business Finances: an observational experiment
Mach, Traci L.; Hazelwood, Lieu N.; Wolken, John D. (2008)
In 2003, the Survey of Small Business Finances (SSBF), conducted by the Federal Reserve Board, implemented the use of incentives to increase response rates. This study examines the effects of some of the characteristics of the implementation - such as level of effort, time in queue, and consecutively-increasing incentive amounts - on unit response. Our estimates suggest that as the number of days increase between the initial screener and main interview, the probability of completion decreases. Similarly, as the number of days increases between each consecutive incentive offer the probability ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2008-26

Journal Article
The effect of falling home prices on small business borrowing
Schweitzer, Mark E.; Shane, Scott (2010-12)
Small businesses continue to report problems in obtaining the financing they need. Because small business owners may rely heavily on the value of their homes to finance their businesses (through mortgages or home equity lines), the fall in housing prices might be one of the causes of their difficulty. We analyze information from a variety of sources and find that homes do constitute an important source of capital for small business owners and that the impact of the recent decline in housing prices is significant enough to be a real constraint on small business finances.
Economic Commentary , Issue Dec

Journal Article
Small business access to capital: alternative resources bridging the gap
Newberger, Robin G.; Longworth, Susan (2012-05)
Nationwide in the U.S. over the past 15 years, small businesses generated 64 percent of the net new job growth. Small businesses with fewer than 500 employees, a definition used by the Small Business Administration (SBA), represent 99.7 percent of all employer firms, and employ more than half of private sector employees in the United States. Firms with fewer than 50 employees represent 95 percent of all employer firms. Since the recession that began in late 2007, large bank lending to small businesses has fallen by more than 50 percent.
Profitwise , Issue May , Pages 2-13

Discussion Paper
Mind the Gap: How Do Credit Market Experiences and Borrowing Patterns Differ for Minority-Owned Firms?
Robb, Alicia M.; de Zeeuw, Mels; Barkely, Brett (2018-09-01)
Given the relationship between a small business’s access to financing and its outcomes, and given the growing share of minorities in the U.S. population, it is important that creditworthy firms and entrepreneurs, irrespective of race or ethnicity, are able to secure adequate financial resources to achieve growth and success. This paper employs data from the Federal Reserve System’s 2016 Small Business Credit Survey to explore under what conditions credit market experiences differ for various racial and ethnic ownership groups of small employer firms.The authors find evidence for ...
FRB Atlanta Community and Economic Development Discussion Paper , Paper 2018-03

Journal Article
Small business financing: corporate manufacturers
anonymous (1961-01)
Federal Reserve Bulletin , Issue Jan

Working Paper
The surprising use of credit scoring in small business lending by community banks and the attendant effects on credit availability and risk
Cowan, Adrian M.; Berger, Allen N.; Frame, W. Scott (2009)
The literature has documented a positive relationship between the use of credit scoring for small business loans and small business credit availability, broadly defined. However, this literature is hampered by the fact that all of the studies are based on a single 1998 survey of the very largest U.S. banking organizations. This paper addresses a number of deficiencies in the extant literature by employing data from a new survey on the use of credit scoring in small business lending, primarily by community banks. The survey evidence suggests that the use of credit scores in small business ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2009-09

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