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Working Paper
Why Is Mommy So Stressed? Estimating the Immediate Impact of the COVID-19 Shock on Parental Attachment to the Labor Market and the Double Bind of Mothers
Heggeness, Misty (2020-06-19)
I examine the impact of the COVID-19 shock on parents’ labor supply during the initial stages of the pandemic. Using difference-in-difference approaches and monthly panel data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), I compare labor market attachment, non-work activity, hours worked, and earnings and wages of those in areas with early school closures and stay-in-place orders with those in areas with delayed or no pandemic closures. While there was no immediate impact on detachment or unemployment, mothers with jobs in early closure states were 53.2 percent more likely than mothers in late ...
Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers , Paper 33

Journal Article
Interview: Melissa Kearney
Price, David (2023-07)
Over the past two decades, University of Maryland economist Melissa Kearney has been researching economic inequality and mobility, poverty, and children's well-being. She was first drawn to such topics, she says, by her own family's experiences.
Econ Focus , Volume 23 , Issue 3Q , Pages 16-20

Journal Article
Practitioner Perspectives: Workforce Development Challenges and Opportunities in the Eighth District
Chalise, Nishesh (2023-11-16)
Roundtables with labor force development stakeholders across the Eighth District identified housing, transportation and child care as key barriers to work.
Bridges

Journal Article
Cost of Childcare Increasingly Weighs on Labor Force Engagement
McCoy, John (2024-10-09)
Problems attaining childcare have weighed on workers’ engagement in the labor force for some time. Afew years ago, pandemic disruptions were the primary culprit in the lower consumption of childcareservices. Now, the rising cost of childcare may be to blame. As wage growth moderates, higher childcarecosts could place added pressure on households and cause some workers to at least partially disengagefrom the workforce.
Economic Bulletin

A Summary of Lending to Childcare Businesses Under Programs of the U.S. Small Business Administration
Anderson, Nathan B.; Gupta, Elainia (2025-02)
Childcare is a facilities-intensive industry and access to capital is critical for entrepreneurs seeking to open or expand childcare businesses. Yet experts tell us that thin profit margins and limited collateral can make it difficult for childcare business owners to get loans to operate their businesses and upgrade their facilities.
Chicago Fed Insights

Childcare Use and Expenses Among Families of Different Income Levels
Toussaint-Comeau, Maude; Jaffe, Maxwell (2024-09)
As part of the Chicago Fed’s Spotlight on Childcare and the Labor Market, a targeted effort to understand how access to childcare can affect employment and the economy, we use data from a national survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau—the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)—to examine the childcare arrangements for young children (those under five years old) while their mothers were at work, in school, or otherwise not available and how much families paid for these arrangements in the recent past. We focus on the arrangements used and amounts paid by families with low ...
Chicago Fed Insights

Journal Article
COVID-19’s Ongoing Effects on Early Childhood Education in St. Louis
Evans, Sam; Gutkowski, Violeta A. (2020-11-16)
What are the longstanding implications of the pandemic’s impact on the child care ecosystem in St. Louis?
Bridges , Volume 2020 (4)

What Parents Say About How Childcare Problems Affect Employment and Hours Worked
O'Dell, Mark; Smith, Brianna (2024-11)
There are about 60 million adults in the United States between the ages of 25 and 54 who live with at least one child under 18 years old. Roughly 50 million of these parents are in the labor force—either employed or actively seeking work—and they represent about 30% of the total U.S. labor force and nearly half of the labor force between the ages 25 to 54. As part of our Spotlight on Childcare and the Labor Market, a targeted effort to understand how access to childcare can affect employment and the economy, we examine these parents’ responses to questions in the U.S. Census Bureau’s ...
Chicago Fed Insights

Cedar Valley Kids: Addressing Local Childcare Needs Through Community Collaboration and Employer Partnerships
Ingram, Dustin; Castro, Maria (2024-06)
As part of the Chicago Fed’s Spotlight on Childcare and the Labor Market, we describe the Black Hawk County Child Care Coalition—a burgeoning alliance of community partners in northeast Iowa working to create a local solution for a local challenge. We also explain what went into recently launching the Cedar Valley Kids (CVK) childcare facility in Black Hawk County—the culmination of years of effort by the coalition to help address local childcare shortages in the wider six-county region.
Chicago Fed Insights

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