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Working Paper
The Fed Information Effect and Firm-Level Investment: Evidence and Theory
Hsu, Alex; Mitra, Indrajit; Xu, Yu; Zeng, Linghang (2024-03)
We present evidence that the Fed's private information about economic conditions revealed through Federal Open Market Committee announcements affect firm investment. We use firm-level investment data and analyst forecasts of firm fundamentals to document three facts. First, the investment rate sensitivity to Fed information is greater for more cyclical firms. Second, revisions in analyst forecasts of firm fundamentals are greater for more cyclical firms. Third, the investment response is consistent with changes in firm profitability following Fed announcements. We propose a HANK model to ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2023-6a

Working Paper
Are Euro-Area Corporate Bond Markets Irrelevant? The Effect of Bond Market Access on Investment
von Beschwitz, Bastian; Howells, Conor T. (2016-06-30)
We compare how bond market access affects firms? investment decisions in the United States and the euro area. Having a bond rating enables US corporations to invest more and undertake more acquisitions. In contrast, in the euro area, bond ratings have no effect on investment decisions. Similarly, firms with bond ratings have higher leverage in the United States, but not in the euro area. This difference may be due to euro-area firms getting sufficient financing from banks. Consistent with this explanation, euro-area bond ratings became more relevant for investment after the banking crisis of ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1176

Working Paper
Desperate House Sellers: Distress Among Developers
van Straelen, Eileen (2021-10-13)
Using granular data on home builder housing developments from the 2006-09 housing crisis, I show that builders spread house price shocks across geographically distinct projects via their internal capital markets. Builders who experience losses in one area subsequently sell homes in unaffected areas at a discount to raise cash quickly. Financially constrained firms are more likely to cut prices of homes in healthy areas in response to losses in unhealthy ones. Firms also smooth shocks across projects only during the crisis and not during the boom. These results together suggest firm internal ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2021-065

Working Paper
Legal Institutions, Credit Markets, and Economic Activity
Heimer, Rawley; Cookson, J Anthony; Brown, James R. (2014-12-08)
This paper provides novel evidence on the causal connections between legal institutions, credit markets, and real economic activity. Our analysis exploits an unexplored within-country setting?Native American reservations?together with quasi-experimental variation in legal contract enforcement wherein the US Congress externally assigned state courts to adjudicate contracts on a subset of reservations. According to area-specific data on small business credit, reservations assigned to state courts, which enforce contracts more predictably than tribal courts, have stronger credit markets. ...
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 1434

Working Paper
High-Yield Debt Covenants and Their Real Effects
Bräuning, Falk; Ivashina, Victoria; Ozdagli, Ali (2023-08-22)
High-yield debt, including leveraged loans, features incurrence financial covenants or "cov-lite" provisions. These covenants differ from traditional loans' maintenance covenants, as they preserve equity control rights but impose specific restrictions on the borrower after crossing the covenant threshold. Contrary to the prevailing belief that incurrence covenants offer limited protection for creditors, our research reveals a significant and sudden decline in investment upon triggering these covenants. This evidence highlights a novel propagation mechanism for economic shocks, wherein ...
Working Papers , Paper 2311

Working Paper
The Monetization of Innovation
Warusawitharana, Missaka; Zucchi, Francesca (2022-12)
We develop a dynamic model for digital service firms, which invest in monetization to generate revenues from services provided to customers for free. Our model captures and explains why such firms often build a large customer base and become highly valued while continuing to suffer losses—traditional models would struggle to explain this pattern. Counterfactual analysis reveals that monetization uncertainty slows technological advancement by diverting resources away from innovation. We also show that regulation aimed at protecting user privacy has sizable adverse effect on firm size and the ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2022-084

Working Paper
A Model of Endogenous Debt Maturity with Heterogeneous Beliefs
Darst, Matt; Refayet, Ehraz (2017-05)
This paper studies optimal debt maturity in an economy with repayment enforcement frictions and investors disagree about repayment probabilities. The optimal debt maturity choice is a mix of long- and short-term debt securities. Spreading risky debt claims on cash flows over time allows debt to be priced by investors most willing to hold risk at each point in time, thereby increasing investment and output. By contrast, a single maturity, either all long- or short-term, will be priced by investors less willing to hold risk, which reduces investment and output. The model provides a novel ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2017-057

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