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Working Paper
Variable Selection in High Dimensional Linear Regressions with Parameter Instability
Chudik, Alexander; Pesaran, M. Hashem; Sharifvaghefi, Mahrad (2023-01-18)
This paper is concerned with the problem of variable selection when the marginal effects of signals on the target variable as well as the correlation of the covariates in the active set are allowed to vary over time, without committing to any particular model of parameter instabilities. It poses the issue of whether weighted or unweighted observations should be used at the variable selection stage in the presence of parameter instability, particularly when the number of potential covariates is large. Amongst the extant variable selection approaches, we focus on the One Covariate at a time ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 394

Working Paper
Estimation of the discontinuous leverage effect: Evidence from the NASDAQ order book
Winkelmann, Lars; Neely, Christopher J.; Bibinger, Markus (2017-04-26)
An extensive empirical literature documents a generally negative correlation, named the ?leverage effect,? between asset returns and changes of volatility. It is more challenging to establish such a return-volatility relationship for jumps in high-frequency data. We propose new nonparametric methods to assess and test for a discontinuous leverage effect ? i.e. a relation between contemporaneous jumps in prices and volatility ? in high-frequency data with market microstructure noise. We present local tests and estimators for price jumps and volatility jumps. Five years of transaction data from ...
Working Papers , Paper 2017-12

Working Paper
An Alternative Measure of Core Inflation: The Trimmed Persistence PCE Price Index
O'Trakoun, John (2023-11)
I introduce the "trimmed persistence PCE," a new measure of core inflation in which component prices are weighted according to the time-varying persistence of their price changes. The components of trimmed persistence personal consumption expenditures (PCE) display less tendency to mechanically pass-through the level of the prior period's inflation to the current period; thus, the impact of the current stance of monetary policy and real economic factors are more likely to be visible in recent trimmed persistence inflation compared to headline inflation. Trimmed persistence inflation performs ...
Working Paper , Paper 23-10

Working Paper
When Is the Use of Gaussian-inverse Wishart-Haar Priors Appropriate?
Inoue, Atsushi; Kilian, Lutz (2024-07-09)
Several recent studies have expressed concern that the Haar prior typically employed in estimating sign-identified VAR models is driving the prior about the structural impulse responses and hence their posterior. In this paper, we provide evidence that the quantitative importance of the Haar prior for posterior inference has been overstated. How sensitive posterior inference is to the Haar prior depends on the width of the identified set of a given impulse response. We demonstrate that this width depends not only on how much the identified set is narrowed by the identifying restrictions ...
Working Papers , Paper 2404

Working Paper
Optimizing Credit Gaps for Predicting Financial Crises: Modelling Choices and Tradeoffs
Jahan-Parvar, Mohammad R.; Beltran, Daniel O.; Paine, Fiona A. (2021-01-06)
Credit gaps are good predictors for financial crises, and banking regulators recommend using them to inform countercyclical capital buffers for banks. Researchers typically create credit gap measures using trend-cycle decomposition methods, which require many modelling choices, such as the method used, and the smoothness of the underlying trend. Other choices hinge on the tradeoffs implicit in how gaps are used as early warning indicators (EWIs) for predicting crises, such as the preference over false positives and false negatives. We evaluate how the performance of credit-gap-based EWIs for ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1307

Working Paper
Breaks in the Phillips Curve: Evidence from Panel Data
Wright, Jonathan H. (2023-04-04)
We revisit time-variation in the Phillips curve, applying new Bayesian panel methods with breakpoints to US and European Union disaggregate data. Our approach allows us to accurately estimate both the number and timing of breaks in the Phillips curve. It further allows us to determine the existence of clusters of industries, cities, or countries whose Phillips curves display similar patterns of instability and to examine lead-lag patterns in how individual inflation series change. We find evidence of a marked flattening in the Phillips curves for US sectoral data and among EU countries, ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2023-015

Working Paper
POSITIVE TREND INFLATION AND DETERMINACY IN A MEDIUM-SIZED NEW KEYNESIAN MODEL
Branzoli, Nicola; Ascari, Guido; Arias, Jonas E.; Castelnuovo, Efrem (2017-06-21)
This paper studies the challenge that increasing the inflation target poses to equilibrium determinacy in a medium-sized New Keynesian model without indexation fitted to the Great Moderation era. For moderate targets of the inflation rate, such as 2 or 4 percent, the probability of determinacy is near one conditional on the monetary policy rule of the estimated model. However, this probability drops significantly conditional on model-free estimates of the monetary policy rule based on real-time data. The difference is driven by the larger response of the federal funds rate to the output gap ...
Working Papers , Paper 17-16

Working Paper
Random Walk Forecasts of Stationary Processes Have Low Bias
Lunsford, Kurt Graden; West, Kenneth D. (2023-08-03)
We study the use of a zero mean first difference model to forecast the level of a scalar time series that is stationary in levels. Let bias be the average value of a series of forecast errors. Then the bias of forecasts from a misspecified ARMA model for the first difference of the series will tend to be smaller in magnitude than the bias of forecasts from a correctly specified model for the level of the series. Formally, let P be the number of forecasts. Then the bias from the first difference model has expectation zero and a variance that is O(1/P-squared), while the variance of the bias ...
Working Papers , Paper 23-18

Working Paper
The Role of the Prior in Estimating VAR Models with Sign Restrictions
Inoue, Atsushi; Kilian, Lutz (2020-12-03)
Several recent studies have expressed concern that the Haar prior typically imposed in estimating sign-identified VAR models may be unintentionally informative about the implied prior for the structural impulse responses. This question is indeed important, but we show that the tools that have been used in the literature to illustrate this potential problem are invalid. Specifically, we show that it does not make sense from a Bayesian point of view to characterize the impulse response prior based on the distribution of the impulse responses conditional on the maximum likelihood estimator of ...
Working Papers , Paper 2030

Working Paper
The Anatomy of Out-of-Sample Forecasting Accuracy
Borup, Daniel; Goulet Coulombe, Philippe; Rapach, David E.; Montes Schütte, Erik Christian; Schwenk-Nebbe, Sander (2024-02-21)
We introduce the performance-based Shapley value (PBSV) to measure the contributions of individual predictors to the out-of-sample loss for time-series forecasting models. Our new metric allows a researcher to anatomize out-of-sample forecasting accuracy, thereby providing valuable information for interpreting time-series forecasting models. The PBSV is model agnostic—so it can be applied to any forecasting model, including "black box" models in machine learning, and it can be used for any loss function. We also develop the TS-Shapley-VI, a version of the conventional Shapley value that ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2022-16b

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