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Working Paper
Too Good to Be True? Fallacies in Evaluating Risk Factor Models
Robotti, Cesare; Gospodinov, Nikolay; Kan, Raymond (2017-11-01)
This paper is concerned with statistical inference and model evaluation in possibly misspecified and unidentified linear asset-pricing models estimated by maximum likelihood and one-step generalized method of moments. Strikingly, when spurious factors (that is, factors that are uncorrelated with the returns on the test assets) are present, the models exhibit perfect fit, as measured by the squared correlation between the model's fitted expected returns and the average realized returns. Furthermore, factors that are spurious are selected with high probability, while factors that are useful are ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2017-9

Working Paper
Asymptotic variance approximations for invariant estimators in uncertain asset-pricing models
Robotti, Cesare; Gospodinov, Nikolay; Kan, Raymond (2015-10-01)
This paper derives explicit expressions for the asymptotic variances of the maximum likelihood and continuously updated GMM estimators under potentially misspecified models. The proposed misspecification-robust variance estimators allow the researcher to conduct valid inference on the model parameters even when the model is rejected by the data. Although the results for the maximum likelihood estimator are only applicable to linear asset-pricing models, the asymptotic distribution of the continuously updated GMM estimator is derived for general, possibly nonlinear, models. The large ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2015-9

Working Paper
Spurious Inference in Unidentified Asset-Pricing Models
Robotti, Cesare; Gospodinov, Nikolay; Kan, Raymond (2014-10-31)
This paper studies some seemingly anomalous results that arise in possibly misspecified and unidentified linear asset-pricing models estimated by maximum likelihood and one-step generalized method of moments (GMM). Strikingly, when useless factors (that is, factors that are independent of the returns on the test assets) are present, the models exhibit perfect fit, as measured by the squared correlation between the model's fitted expected returns and the average realized returns, and the tests for correct model specification have asymptotic power that is equal to the nominal size. In other ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2014-12

Working Paper
Minimum distance estimation of possibly non-invertible moving average models
Gospodinov, Nikolay; Ng, Serena (2013)
This paper considers estimation of moving average (MA) models with non-Gaussian errors. Information in higher-order cumulants allows identification of the parameters without imposing invertibility. By allowing for an unbounded parameter space, the generalized method of moments estimator of the MA(1) model has classical (root-T and asymptotic normal) properties when the moving average root is inside, outside, and on the unit circle. For more general models where the dependence of the cumulants on the model parameters is analytically intractable, we consider simulation-based estimators with two ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2013-11

Working Paper
Impacts of Monetary Stimulus on Credit Allocation and Macroeconomy: Evidence from China
Waggoner, Daniel F.; Zha, Tao; Higgins, Patrick C.; Chen, Kaiji (2016-09-01)
We develop a new empirical framework to identify and estimate the effects of monetary stimulus on the real economy. The framework is applied to the Chinese economy when monetary policy in normal times was switched to an extraordinarily expansionary regime to combat the impact of the 2008 financial crisis. We show that this unprecedented monetary stimulus accounted for as high as a 4 percent increase of real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate by the end of 2009. Monetary transmission to the real economy was through bank credit allocated disproportionately to financing investment in real ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2016-9

Working Paper
Multivariate return decomposition: theory and implications
Gospodinov, Nikolay; Anatolyev, Stanislav (2015-08-01)
In this paper, we propose a model based on multivariate decomposition of multiplicative?absolute values and signs?components of several returns. In the m-variate case, the marginals for the m absolute values and the binary marginals for the m directions are linked through a 2m-dimensional copula. The approach is detailed in the case of a bivariate decomposition. We outline the construction of the likelihood function and the computation of different conditional measures. The finite-sample properties of the maximum likelihood estimator are assessed by simulation. An application to predicting ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2015-7

Working Paper
General Aggregation of Misspecified Asset Pricing Models
Maasoumi, Esfandiar; Gospodinov, Nikolay (2017-11-01)
This paper proposes an entropy-based approach for aggregating information from misspecified asset pricing models. The statistical paradigm is shifted away from parameter estimation of an optimally selected model to stochastic optimization based on a risk function of aggregation across models. The proposed method relaxes the perfect substitutability of the candidate models, which is implicitly embedded in the linear pooling procedures, and ensures that the aggregation weights are selected with a proper (Hellinger) distance measure that satisfies the triangle inequality. The empirical results ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2017-10

Working Paper
Monetary Stimulus amid the Infrastructure Investment Spree: Evidence from China's Loan-Level Data
Zha, Tao; Gao, Haoyu; Waggoner, Daniel F.; Higgins, Patrick C.; Chen, Kaiji (2020-08-27)
We study the impacts of the 2009 monetary stimulus and its interaction with infrastructure spending on credit allocation. We develop a two-stage estimation approach and apply it to China's loan-level data that covers all sectors in the economy. We find that except for the manufacturing sector, monetary stimulus itself did not favor state-owned enterprises (SOEs) over non-SOEs in credit access. Infrastructure investment driven by nonmonetary factors, however, enhanced the monetary transmission to bank credit allocated to local government financing vehicles in infrastructure and at the same ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2020-16

Working Paper
Simultaneous Spatial Panel Data Models with Common Shocks
Lu, Lina (2017-08-09)
I consider a simultaneous spatial panel data model, jointly modeling three effects: simultaneous effects, spatial effects and common shock effects. This joint modeling and consideration of cross-sectional heteroskedasticity result in a large number of incidental parameters. I propose two estimation approaches, a quasi-maximum likelihood (QML) method and an iterative generalized principal components (IGPC) method. I develop full inferential theories for the estimation approaches and study the trade-off between the model specifications and their respective asymptotic properties. I further ...
Supervisory Research and Analysis Working Papers , Paper RPA 17-3

Working Paper
Estimating Loss Given Default from CDS under Weak Identification
Liu, Lily (2017-05-08)
This paper combines a term structure model of credit default swaps (CDS) with weak-identification robust methods to jointly estimate the probability of default and the loss given default of the underlying firm. The model is not globally identified because it forgoes parametric time series restrictions that have aided identification in previous studies, but that are also difficult to verify in the data. The empirical results show that informative (small) confidence sets for loss given default are estimated for half of the firm-months in the sample, and most of these are much lower than and do ...
Supervisory Research and Analysis Working Papers , Paper RPA 17-1

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