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Report
The Affordable Care Act and the market for higher education
Pinkovskiy, Maxim L.; Chakrabarti, Rajashri
(2018-10-01)
Investment in human capital is a key determinant of wages and an important contributor to economic growth. However, incomplete markets for health insurance may distort educational incentives because of the link between employment and health insurance. The Medicaid expansion of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) dramatically broadened insurance offerings, and thus may have affected people’s incentives for education. To study how increasing efficiency in insurance markets affects educational investments, we use a triple-difference strategy comparing counties with different levels of uninsurance ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 873
Journal Article
The Great Recession’s impact on school district finances in New York State
Setren, Elizabeth; Livingston, Max; Chakrabarti, Rajashri
(2015-12-01)
A slowly emerging literature explores the effects of the Great Recession on different parts of the economy; however, very little research examines the impact of the Great Recession (or any other recession) on schools. Given the fundamental role of education in human capital formation and growth, understanding the effect of recessions on schools is essential. This article contributes to filling this gap. Exploiting detailed panel data on a multitude of school finance indicators and a trend shift analysis, it examines how the Great Recession affected school finances in New York State. While it ...
Economic Policy Review
, Issue 12-1
, Pages 45-66
Report
Impact of voucher design on public school performance: evidence from Florida and Milwaukee voucher programs
Chakrabarti, Rajashri
(2008)
This paper examines the impact of vouchers in general and voucher design in particular on public school performance. It argues that all voucher programs are not created equal. There are often fundamental differences in voucher designs that affect public school incentives differently and induce different responses from them. It analyzes two voucher programs in the United States. The 1990 Milwaukee experiment can be looked upon as a "voucher shock" program that suddenly made low-income students eligible for vouchers. The 1999 Florida program can be looked upon as a "threat of voucher" program, ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 315
Journal Article
A tale of two states: the recession’s impact on N.Y. and N.J. school finances
Livingston, Max; Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Bhalla, Ravi
(2017-23-01)
Although schools play a crucial role in human capital formation and economic growth, relatively few studies consider the effect of recessions (and in particular the Great Recession) on schools. This article helps fill this gap by comparing and contrasting the effects of the Great Recession on school districts in New York and New Jersey. In fact, it is the first article to compare the impacts of the Great Recession on schools in different states. The authors find that the two states had very different experiences in the two years following the recession. While total school funding in New York ...
Economic Policy Review
, Issue 23-1
, Pages 30-42
Discussion Paper
Banking the Unbanked: The Past and Future of the Free Checking Account
Berre, Stein; Blickle, Kristian S.; Chakrabarti, Rajashri
(2021-06-30)
About one in twenty American households are unbanked (meaning they do not have a demand deposit or checking account) and many more are underbanked (meaning they do not have the range of bank-provided financial services they need). Unbanked and underbanked households are more likely to be lower-income households and households of color. Inadequate access to financial services pushes the unbanked to use high-cost alternatives for their transactional needs and can also hinder access to credit when households need it. That, in turn, can have adverse effects on the financial health, educational ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20210630a
Discussion Paper
Unequal Burdens: Racial Differences in ICU Stress during the Third Wave of COVID-19
Avtar, Ruchi; Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Pinkovskiy, Maxim L.
(2021-08-09)
A critical risk during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the possibility of the hospital system becoming overwhelmed. COVID-19 not only has killed nearly 2 percent of people with confirmed infections but causes many more who contract it to develop severe complications that are potentially fatal if not treated in an intensive care unit (ICU). As ICU capacity is based on typical needs for intensive care before the pandemic, a surge of COVID-related ICU patients may leave no room for individuals requiring intensive care for other reasons—such as heart attacks—or may exceed the total ICU ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20210809
Discussion Paper
Uneven Distribution of Household Debt by Gender, Race, and Education
Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Chatterji-Len, Kasey; Avtar, Ruchi
(2021-11-17)
Household debt has risen markedly since 2013 and amounts to more than $15 trillion dollars. While the aggregate volume of household debt has been well-documented, literature on the gender, racial and education distribution of debt is lacking, largely because of an absence of adequate data that combine debt, demographic, and education information. In a three-part series beginning with this post, we seek to bridge this gap. In this first post, we focus on differences in debt holding behavior across race and gender. Specifically, we explore gender and racial disparities in different types of ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20211117a
Report
Vouchers, public school response, and the role of incentives: evidence from Florida
Chakrabarti, Rajashri
(2007)
In this paper, I analyze the behavior of public schools facing vouchers. The literature on the effects of voucher programs on public schools typically focuses on student and mean school scores. This paper tries to go inside the black box to investigate some of the ways in which schools facing the threat of vouchers in Florida behaved. Under a 1999 program, Florida schools earning an "F" grade for the first time were exposed to the threat of vouchers, but did not face vouchers unless and until they got a second "F" within the next three years. Exploiting the institutional details of this ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 306
Discussion Paper
Rural Households Hit Hardest by Inflation in 2021-22
Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Garcia, Dan; Pinkovskiy, Maxim L.
(2023-01-18)
To conclude our series, we present disparities in inflation rates by U.S. census region and rural status between June 2019 and the present. Notably, rural households were hit by inflation the hardest during the 2021-22 inflationary episode. This is intuitive, as rural households rely on transportation, and especially on motor fuel, to a much greater extent than urban households do. More generally, the recent rise in inflation has affected households in the South more than the national average, and households in the Northeast by less than the national average, though this difference has ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20230118c
Report
The Affordable Care Act and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis
Pinkovskiy, Maxim L.; Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Nober, William; Meyerson, Lindsay; Avtar, Ruchi
(2020-11-01)
Did Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act affect the course of the COVID-19 pandemic? We answer this question using a regression discontinuity design for counties near the borders of states that expanded Medicaid with states that did not. Relevant covariates change continuously across the Medicaid expansion frontier. We find that (1) health insurance changes discontinuously at the frontier, (2) COVID-19 testing is discontinuously larger in Medicaid-expanding states, and (3) the fraction of beds occupied in ICUs is discontinuously smaller in Medicaid-expanding states. We also find ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 948
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