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Postpandemic Employment Recovery in Fourth District Metro Areas
US employment has recovered rapidly following a significant decline caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, employment recoveries have varied significantly across metro areas. This District Data Brief compares the employment recoveries for metro areas of various sizes in the Fourth District and across the United States.
SORCE Insights: An Initial Look at the Anticipated Impact of Tariffs on Fourth District Businesses
The Cleveland Fed’s Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) administered in February 2025 asked respondents from across the Fourth District a set of special questions about the potential impact of tariffs on their business. This District Data Brief analyzes their responses.
How Successful Is Your Region at Retaining Domestic Migrants?
For regions in the Fourth District and across the United States, this District Data Brief analyzes how well each region retains domestic migrants, or those who move in from other parts of the country. It also addresses the extent to which retention rates are associated with population growth.
SORCE Insights: Tracking Operating Margins in the Fourth District
The Cleveland Fed's Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) fielded from June 18 through June 25, 2026, included a set of special questions focused on firms' operating margins. This District Data Brief discusses the top-line results from these questions.
How Successful Is Your Region at Retaining Its Native Residents?
This District Data Brief analyzes how well regions in the Fourth District and across the United States retain their native residents and whether their retention rates are associated with population growth.
Preliminary SORCE Insights: An Overview of Firms’ Capital Expenditure Plans and Inventories
The Cleveland Fed’s Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) administered in August 2025 asked respondents from across the Fourth District a set of special questions regarding their planned capital expenditures and inventories. This District Data Brief discusses the top-line results from these questions.
Report
Fourth District Almanac 2026
To explain how the regional economies within our District have evolved over more than a century, the Cleveland Fed's regional analysis group compiles and publishes the Fourth District Almanac. This publication offers a collection of charts and visualizations representing economic data covering the Fourth Federal Reserve District, which includes Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle West Virginia.
SORCE Insights: Realized Tariff Impacts on Fourth District Firms
The Cleveland Fed’s Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) fielded from May 7 through May 14, 2026, included a set of special questions focused mainly on the impacts of tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) from February 4, 2025, through February 20, 2026. This District Data Brief discusses the top-line results from these questions.
SORCE Insights: The Relationship between Costs and Prices
Based on responses to the Cleveland Fed's Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE), this District Data Brief analyzes the relationship between expected changes in costs and prices among firms in the Fourth District, which covers Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia.
How Will New Federal Requirements Affect Medicaid Expansion Enrollees in the Fourth District?
This District Data Brief looks at Medicaid expansion enrollment in the Fourth District, its impact on uninsured rates, and the extent to which the new federal community engagement requirement could affect expansion enrollees in the District.