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Discussion Paper
Opportunity Occupations in the Southeast
Opportunity occupations—or opportunity employment—are jobs that do not require a bachelor’s degree and pay above a regionally adjusted median wage. This article takes a look at trends in the Southeast. For a deeper look at trends in opportunity occupations, see also "Opportunity Occupations Revisited: Exploring Employment for Sub-Baccalaureate Workers Across Metro Areas and Over Time."
Report
Looking for Workers to Fill In-Demand Jobs? The OME's Got You Covered
By looking at a couple of examples from the region the Cleveland Fed serves, this report explores how employers and workforce development professionals can use the Occupational Mobility Explorer (OME) to find workers to fill important jobs.
Report
Dollars and Cents: Real Hourly Wage Growth across the Lower Half of the Wage Distribution
This report analyzes real dollar differences across the lower half of the US wage distribution to shed light on the financial health of low- and moderate-income people and their households.
Report
What Share of Unemployed People in Fourth District States Receive Unemployment Insurance?
Unemployment insurance recipiency rates vary considerably across Fourth District states, namely Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. This article examines these recipiency rates and the factors that may influence them.
Report
Estimating Occupational Employment: A Comparison of National, State-Produced, and Trend-Based Employment Projections
In this report, we compare three types of employment projections—national, state produced, and trend based—to see how accurately they estimate realized employment growth for 647 occupations across 36 states from 2014 to 2024.
Report
The Decline in Access to Jobs and the Location of Employment Growth in US Metro Areas: Implications for Economic Opportunity and Mobility
Job access, defined as the number or share of jobs found within a fixed distance or travel time from a worker’s residence, is an important indicator of economic opportunity and mobility. Access to jobs has been associated with positive individual economic outcomes for low-income minority workers.1 By contrast, low rates of job access have been linked to longer unemployment spells and lower rates of generational economic mobility.2Increasing job accessibility has been found to significantly decrease the duration of joblessness among lower-income displaced workers, especially for African ...
Report
Missed Connections in Cleveland: The Disconnect Between Job Access and Employment
The job access rate refers to the share of jobs in a region that can be reached within a typical commute distance or time. Job access rates in Northeast Ohio have declined continuously since 2000, as employment opportunities and the population have spread farther out (Kneebone and Holmes, 2015; Pacetti, Murray, and Hartman, 2016; Fee, 2020). Declining access to jobs has made it increasingly difficult for workers to reach their workplaces via public transportation, disproportionately impacting Black and economically distressed residents (Barkley and Pereira, 2015; Brown and McShepard, 2016).
Report
Has Bank Consolidation Changed People’s Access to a Full-Service Bank Branch?
The consolidation that took place in the banking industry during the 2000s and 2010s led to an increase in the total number of bank branches per institution and resulted in a larger number of branches to meet customers’ banking needs.
Report
Does Job Quality Affect Occupational Mobility?
Job quality, a well-known topic in workforce development circles, is an underutilized but useful lens with which to examine labor market conditions. Given the record number of resignations and available job openings, especially in the lower-paid industry sectors, along with popular labor market narratives around the Great R’s (Resignation, Renegotiation, Reshuffle), I wonder to what extent job quality plays a role in the occupational mobility of workers. Occupational mobility includes all potential outcomes an individual has when holding a job. In addition to the option of changing to ...
Report
Using Worker Flows to Assess the Stability of the Early Childcare and Education Workforce, 2010-2022
Turnover is a particular problem among childcare workers and less so among preschool and kindergarten teachers. In 2022, turnover in childcare work was about 65 percent higher than in a typical job, while attrition among preschool and kindergarten teachers was on par with the typical occupation.