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Journal Article
Educational Attainment of Immigrants at the National and Eighth District Levels
Grittayaphong, Praew; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2020-12-22)
What role does the foreign-born population play in the economy? Educational attainment and earnings data shed light on potential contributions.
The Regional Economist , Volume 28 , Issue 4

Working Paper
Foreign aid, illegal immigration, and host country welfare
Munemo, Jonathan; Chambers, Dustin; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2012)
This paper analyzes the effect of foreign aid on illegal immigration and host country welfare using a general equilibrium model. We show that foreign aid may worsen the recipient nation?s terms of trade. Furthermore, it may also raise illegal immigration, if the terms of trade effect on immigration flows dominates the other effects identified in our analysis. Empirical analysis of the effect of foreign aid on illegal immigration to the United States broadly supports the predictions of our theoretical model. Foreign aid worsens the recipient?s terms of trade. While the terms of trade effect ...
Working Papers , Paper 2012-007

Working Paper
Terms-of-Trade and Counterterrorism Externalities
Younas, Javed; Sandler, Todd; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2017-06-01)
This paper investigates the interplay of trade and terrorism externalities under free trade between a developed nation that exports a manufactured good to and imports a primary product from a developing nation. A terrorist organization targets both nations and reduces its attacks in response to a nation?s defensive counterterrorism efforts, while transferring some of its attacks abroad. Terms-of-trade considerations lead the developed nation to raise its counterterrorism level beyond the ?small-country? level, thus compounding its over provision of these measures. By contrast, the developing ...
Working Papers , Paper 2017-17

Working Paper
Taxation, Compliance, and Clandestine Activities
Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Marjit, Sugata; Pinto, Santiago; Thum, Marcel (2025-03-19)
We investigate the delicate balance policymakers have to strike between raising tax revenues for public good provision and controlling the distortionary effects of taxes on (i) tax evasion, (ii) total work hours, and (iii) the allocation of work hours to illegal activities. These distortions lower the constrained optimal tax rate and result in the under-provision of the public good. This under-provision problem is mitigated when surplus from the audit agency is seamlessly transferred to the taxing authorities. Extensions of the basic model incorporate agent heterogeneity and a more general ...
Working Papers , Paper 2025-005

Journal Article
Trade and Terror: The Impact of Terrorism on Developing Countries
Younas, Javed; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2017)
We discuss some of the economic costs of terrorism. There are myriads of other costs like destruction of infrastructure, flight of skilled workers (brain drain) and diversion of funds to counterterrorism (compared to funding of health, education, etc.). A comprehensive discussion of these costs is beyond the scope of this article. However, a greater understanding of terrorism-related damages can help governments and multilateral organizations (e.g., United Nations, World Bank) to better direct scarce resources to mitigate terrorism-related costs.
The Regional Economist , Volume 25 , Issue 4

Working Paper
Terrorism, Trade and Welfare: Some Paradoxes and a Policy Conundrum
Younas, Javed; Sandler, Todd; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2016-03-01)
We present a standard trade model and show that terrorism can be trade inducing, starting from autarky. In addition, terrorism can be shown to be welfare augmenting for a group of nations. Finally, we present some qualitative conditions that identify when a nation?s trade volume may rise (or fall) in response to a greater incidence of terrorism. Our trade and welfare results point to potential difficulties in international coordination of counterterrorism policy because of terrorism?s differential impact across nations.
Working Papers , Paper 2016-2

Who Holds a Green Card?
Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Bharadwaj, Asha (2020-07-02)
Understanding the characteristics of U.S. permanent residents can provide insight into the future workforce.
On the Economy

How Does St. Louis-Area Immigration Differ from National Trends?
Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu; Grittayaphong, Praew (2022-01-10)
Local immigrants with at least a bachelor’s degree are more likely to specialize in the physical sciences than immigrants nationally.
On the Economy

Working Paper
Do donors care about declining trade revenues from liberalization? an analysis of aid allocation
Younas, Javed; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2007)
Many developing country governments rely heavily on trade tax revenue. Therefore, trade liberalization can be a potential source of significant fiscal instability, and may affect government spending on development activities. Donor nations may take this into account in making their aid allocation decisions for developing nations. Our findings suggest that bilateral donors provide substantially larger amounts of aid to compensate (or reward) liberalizing recipient nations who also face declining trade tax revenues. Interestingly, these effects are statistically insignificant in the context of ...
Working Papers , Paper 2007-028

Working Paper
Financing growth: foreign aid vs. foreign loans
Lahiri, Sajal; Younas, Javed; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2013)
Compared to foreign grants, do concessional loans from foreign governments and/or unsubsidized loans from foreign private banks lead to faster growth in developing nations? The answer has implications for aid agencies (i) in allocating a given amount of resources between grants and concessional loans; and (ii) in encouraging financial market reforms. We examine the effects of ODA grants, concessional ODA loans, and private offshore bank loans on growth rates of 131 developing nations over 1996-2010 in a unified way. We find evidence of non-linearities in all three relationships, suggesting ...
Working Papers , Paper 2013-031

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