Journal Article
Overlooked Suburbs: The Changing Metropolitan Geography of Poverty in the Western United States
Mattiuzzi, Elizabeth; Weir, Margaret (2022-01-31)
This report examines trends between 1990 and 2014—18 in the location of populations experiencing poverty, which we define as those with incomes below the federal poverty line, within metropolitan regions in the United States, with a particular focus on the western United States.We explore how growing suburban poverty is distributed across jurisdictional boundaries that shape governance outcomes, including incorporated and unincorporated suburbs. The size of a suburb and its incorporation status affect its position within local-regional political structures, and smaller suburbs may be ...
Community Development Research Brief , Volume 2022 , Issue 01 , Pages 160

Journal Article
The Richmond Fed and Urban Economics
Mullinix, Mark (2017-10)
Econ Focus , Issue 4Q , Pages 1-1

Journal Article
Upfront: New from the Richmond Fed’s Regional Matters blog
Mullen, Katrina (2023-07)
Roll up of several Regional Matters Blog Posts
Econ Focus , Volume 23 , Issue 3Q , Pages 3

Discussion Paper
Updates to Rural and Urban Areas Based on the 2020 Census
Norris, Stephanie (2023-06-22)
Earlier this year, the U.S. Census Bureau released updated boundaries for urban areas based on the 2020 census. These definitions are widely used by analysts, researchers, and government agencies. Federal agencies like the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Education incorporate the designations into their own urban-rural classifications. The U.S. Department of Transportation and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development use census-based classifications in their funding formulas and to make decisions about program eligibility. This post examines the U.S. Census ...
Regional Matters

Briefing
A Look at the Impact of the Work-From-Home Revolution
Macaluso, Claudia (2023-08)
In this article, I survey the state of remote work in the American economy and investigate the implications for workers, businesses and local economies. Comprehensive real-time survey data agree: Work from home is here to stay. The ability to offer remote or hybrid arrangements has become an important tool for employers to attract and retain talent, as workers value the flexibility that working from home affords them. Meanwhile, what has been a positive development to many workers poses significant challenges for urban cores that no longer benefit from the daily influx of commuters and their ...
Richmond Fed Economic Brief , Volume 23 , Issue 28

Journal Article
Diversification and Specialization Across Urban Areas
Macheras, Ann; Stanley, Michael (2017-10)
Los Angeles is famous for the entertainment industry, San Jose for technology companies, and New York for the financial firms surrounding Wall Street. While each of these urban areas has a unique identity related to a particular sector of the economy, each is also, in fact, very diverse in its industrial composition. Urban areas differ in the extent to which they have a diverse set of industries or, conversely, the degree to which they are very specialized in a particular industry. Richmond Fed analysis supports previous research findings on the extent to which diversification or ...
Econ Focus , Issue 4Q , Pages 36-39

Journal Article
Definitions Matter: The Rural-Urban Dichotomy
Mengedoth, Joseph (2018-07)
District Digest article titled: Definitions Matter: The Rural-Urban Dichotomy
Econ Focus , Issue 3Q , Pages 28-31

Journal Article
Uneven Innovation in the U.S.
Kalyani, Aakash (2024-05-06)
The San Jose and San Francisco areas don’t make the U.S. top 10 in terms of population, and they each contain merely 1% of the national workforce. But jointly they produce about 20% of all innovation output.
Economic Synopses , Issue 11 , Pages 2 pages