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Keywords:pandemic 

Journal Article
Productivity During and Since the Pandemic

U.S. labor productivity initially surged in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the massive economic upheaval. As the economy recovered, the level of productivity retreated to its slow pre-pandemic trend. As of mid-2024, it remained close to but just above that trend. The surge and retreat in productivity follows the pre-pandemic cyclical relationship in which U.S. productivity rises temporarily in recessions. This example highlights the need to look through temporary cyclical effects when trying to infer longer-run trends.
FRBSF Economic Letter , Volume 2024 , Issue 31 , Pages 6

Discussion Paper
Market Failures and Official Sector Interventions

In the United States and other free market economies, the official sector typically has minimal involvement in market activities absent a clear rationale to justify intervention, such as a market failure. In this post, we consider arguments for official sector intervention, focusing on the market failure arising from externalities related to business closures. These externalities are likely to be particularly high for closures arising from pandemic-related economic disruptions. We discuss how the official sector, including institutions such as Congress and the Treasury, can increase social ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200923

Speech
The Federal Reserve’s Market Functioning Purchases: From Supporting to Sustaining

Remarks at SIFMA Webinar.
Speech

Speech
Remarks at the Global Research Forum on International Macroeconomics and Finance

Introductory remarks at the Global Research Forum on International Macroeconomics and Finance.
Speech

Discussion Paper
The Money Market Fund Liquidity Facility

Over the first three weeks of March, as uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic increased, prime and municipal (muni) money market funds (MMFs) faced large redemption pressures. Similarly to past episodes of industry dislocation, such as the 2008 financial crisis and the 2011 European bank crisis, outflows from prime and muni MMFs were mirrored by large inflows into government MMFs, which have historically been seen by investors as a safe haven in times of crisis. In this post, we describe a liquidity facility established by the Federal Reserve in response to these outflows.
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200508

Discussion Paper
The Region Is Struggling to Recover from the Pandemic Recession

The pandemic struck the New York-Northern New Jersey region early and hard, and the economy is still struggling to recover nearly two years later. Indeed, employment fell by 20 percent in New York City as the pandemic took hold, a significantly sharper decline than for the nation as a whole, and the rest of the region wasn’t far behind, creating a much larger hole to dig out of than other parts of the country. While the region saw significant growth as the economy began to heal, growth has slowed noticeably, and job shortfalls—that is, the amount by which employment remains below ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20211217a

Briefing
The Stars Our Destination: An Update for Our R* Model

We report and discuss recent estimates of the natural real rate of interest, denoted r*. We analyze how the current flow of data renders r* estimates less reliable, and we consider some changes in the specification of the long-standing Lubik-Matthes model.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief , Volume 23 , Issue 32

Discussion Paper
Expanding the Toolkit: Facilities Established to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Federal Reserve’s response to the coronavirus pandemic has been unprecedented in its size and scope. In a matter of months, the Fed has, among other things, cut the federal funds rate to the zero lower bound, purchased a large amount of Treasury securities and agency mortgage‑backed securities (MBS) and, together with the U.S. Treasury, introduced several lending facilities. Some of these facilities are very similar to ones introduced during the 2007-09 financial crisis while others are completely new. In this post, we argue that the new facilities, while unprecedented, are a natural ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200922

Discussion Paper
What Have Workers Done with the Time Freed up by Commuting Less?

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the way Americans spend their time. One of the most enduring shifts has occurred in the workplace, with millions of employees making the switch to work from home. Even as the pandemic has waned, more than 15 percent of full-time employees remain fully remote and an additional 30 percent work in hybrid arrangements (Barrero, Bloom, and Davis). These changes have substantially reduced time spent commuting to work; in the aggregate, Americans now spend 60 million fewer hours traveling to work each day. In this post, we investigate how people spend ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20221018

Speech
Benchmark Reform and Transition to Risk-Free Rates

This panel covered three main issues: first, progress on the transition to risk-free rates so far, despite the market impact of the coronavirus pandemic; second, remaining challenges to complete implementation of the transition in time, including legacy issues; and third, the importance of international coordination, how this works and what it involves. Panel with Nathaniel Wuerffel, Senior Vice President at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and the following individuals: Edwin Schooling Latter, Director of Markets and Wholesale Policy, UK Financial Conduct Authority, Cornelia ...
Speech

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