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Discussion Paper
International Evidence on the Use and Effectiveness of Macroprudential Policies
Akinci, Ozge
(2016-05-18)
In recent years, policymakers in advanced and emerging economies have employed a variety of macroprudential policy tools?targeted rules or requirements that enhance the stability of the financial system as a whole by addressing the interconnectedness of individual financial institutions and their common exposure to economic risk factors. To examine the foreign experience with these tools, we constructed a novel macroprudential policy (MAPP) index. This index allows us to quantify the effects of these policies on bank credit and house prices, two variables that are often the target of ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20160518
House Hunting in a Period of Social Distancing
Famiglietti, Matthew; Garriga, Carlos
(2020-04-01)
Lower housing demand due to quarantine orders, slowing price growth and mortgage originations, and a historically high housing supply are all hitting the economy at the same time.
On the Economy
House Prices Surpass Housing-Bubble Peak on One Key Measure of Value
Emmons, William R.
(2021-05-24)
An index measuring the ratio of house price to rent has risen to its highest level since 1975. The previous peak occurred during the housing bubble.
On the Economy
Working Paper
Villains or Scapegoats? The Role of Subprime Borrowers in Driving the U.S. Housing Boom
Gerardi, Kristopher S.; Frame, W. Scott; Conklin, James; Liu, Haoyang
(2020-05-19)
An expansion in mortgage credit to subprime borrowers is widely believed to have been a principal driver of the 2002–2006 U.S. house price boom. By contrast, this paper documents a robust, negative correlation between the growth in the share of purchase mortgages to subprime borrowers and house price appreciation at the county-level during this time. Using two different instrumental variables approaches, we also establish causal evidence that house price appreciation lowered the share of purchase loans to subprime borrowers. Further analysis using micro-level credit bureau data shows that ...
Working Papers
, Paper 2013
Working Paper
Making Sense of Increased Synchronization in Global House Prices
Duca, John V.
(2019-10-09)
Evidence indicates that house prices have become somewhat more synchronized during this century, likely reflecting more correlated movements in long-term interest rates and macroeconomic cycles that are related to trends in globalization and international portfolio diversification. Nevertheless, the trend toward increased synchronization has not been continuous, reflecting that house prices depend on other fundamentals, which are not uniform across countries or cities. Theory and limited econometric evidence indicate that the more common are fundamentals, the more in-synch house price cycles ...
Working Papers
, Paper 1911
Report
Household leveraging and deleveraging
Justiniano, Alejandro; Tambalotti, Andrea; Primiceri, Giorgio E.
(2013-03-01)
U.S. households' debt skyrocketed between 2000 and 2007, but has since been falling. This leveraging and deleveraging cycle cannot be accounted for by the liberalization and subsequent tightening of mortgage credit standards that occurred during the period. We base this conclusion on a quantitative dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated using macroeconomic aggregates and microeconomic data from the Survey of Consumer Finances. From the perspective of the model, the credit cycle is more likely due to factors that impacted house prices more directly, thus affecting the availability of ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 602
Report
Credit supply and the housing boom
Justiniano, Alejandro; Tambalotti, Andrea; Primiceri, Giorgio E.
(2015-02-01)
The housing boom that preceded the Great Recession was the result of an increase in credit supply driven by looser lending constraints in the mortgage market. This view on the fundamental drivers of the boom is consistent with four empirical observations: the unprecedented rise in home prices, the surge in household debt, the stability of debt relative to home values, and the fall in mortgage rates. These facts are difficult to reconcile with the popular view that attributes the housing boom to looser borrowing constraints associated with lower collateral requirements. In fact, a slackening ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 709
Journal Article
Will Rising Rents Push Up Future Inflation?
Lansing, Kevin J.; Oliveira, Luiz E.; Shapiro, Adam Hale
(2022-02-14)
Rising rents account for a significant portion of recent inflation. Estimates of how rent inflation typically responds to two leading indicators—current asking rents and current house prices—can help forecast the path of overall inflation for the next two years. This method predicts that higher rent inflation could add about 0.5 percentage point to personal consumption expenditures price inflation for both 2022 and 2023. These potential additions are important in light of the Federal Reserve’s 2% inflation target.
FRBSF Economic Letter
, Volume 2022
, Issue 03
, Pages 05
Journal Article
Remote Work and Housing Demand
Kmetz, Augustus; Mondragon, John; Wieland, Johannes F.
(2022-09-26)
The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped the way households work. Nearly a third of employees still worked from home part time or full time as of August 2022. This has significantly increased housing demand and is a key factor explaining why U.S. house prices grew 24% between November 2019 and November 2021. Analysis shows that the shift to remote work may account for more than half of overall house price increases and similar increases in rents. This fundamental evolution in work-related housing demand may be important for future house prices.
FRBSF Economic Letter
, Volume 2022
, Issue 26
, Pages 5
Working Paper
Disentangling rent index differences: data, methods, and scope
Adams, Brian; Verbrugge, Randal J.; Loewenstein, Lara; Montag, Hugh
(2023-09-28)
Rent measurement determines 32 percent of the CPI. Accurate rent measurement is therefore essential for accurate inflation measurement, but the CPI rent index often differs from alternative measures of rent inflation. Using repeat-rent inflation measures created from CPI microdata, we show that this discrepancy is largely explained by differences in rent growth for new tenants relative to all tenants. New-tenant rent inflation provides information about future all-tenant rent inflation, but the use of new-tenant rents is contraindicated in a cost-of-living index such as the CPI. Nevertheless, ...
Working Papers
, Paper 22-38R
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