Journal Article
College Freshman Enrollment Drops during Pandemic
Leukhina, Oksana; Werner, Devin (2021-03-02)
First-time college enrollment declined significantly in 2020—a stark contrast with what traditionally happens during recessions.
The Regional Economist , Volume 29 , Issue 1

Journal Article
Leisure and Hospitality Sector’s Recovery Complicated by Delta Variant
Gascon, Charles S.; Jefferson, Nathan; Werner, Devin (2021-10-04)
Shutdowns early in the pandemic primarily affected the Eighth Federal Reserve District’s leisure and hospitality sector, but its recovery could be complicated by the delta variant.
The Regional Economist

What Are the Fed’s Dollar Swap Lines and FIMA Repos, and Why Do They Matter?
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-10-08)
Making it easier for central banks to access U.S. dollars helps calm exchange rate volatility and allow markets and credit lines to operate smoothly.
On the Economy

Did the Fed’s Dollar Swap Lines Work?
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-11-24)
In March, the Federal Reserve took steps to increase the supply of dollars to foreign markets to ensure liquidity and lessen volatility. Did the policies work?
On the Economy

What Are Financial Market Stress Indexes Showing?
Kliesen, Kevin L.; McCracken, Michael W.; Trần, Ngân; Werner, Devin (2022-05-24)
The St. Louis Fed’s financial stress index is diverging from others. The reason appears to be the result of a switch to a new interest rate used to help calculate the index.
On the Economy

Journal Article
Trends in Startups’ Share of Jobs in the U.S. and Eighth District
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-03-18)
Startups have been representing a smaller share of all jobs within the U.S. and Eighth District in recent years.
The Regional Economist , Volume 28 , Issue 1

Journal Article
Using Beige Book Text Analysis to Measure Supply Chain Disruptions
Kliesen, Kevin L.; Werner, Devin (2022-06-24)
Simple, automated text analysis can extract useful metrics about supply chain disruptions from the Beige Book.
Economic Synopses , Issue 18 , Pages 1-2

Journal Article
How Many People Does It Take to Start a Company?
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-07-07)
The average number of employees at startups has declined over the past several years.
The Regional Economist , Volume 28 , Issue 2

Journal Article
U.S. States Hit the Hardest by COVID-19 Have Lower Unemployment Risks
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-04-03)
States with relatively more COVID-19 cases tend to have a workforce less likely to face unemployment.
Economic Synopses , Issue 12

COVID-19 and Unemployment Risk: State and MSA Differences
Werner, Devin; Gascon, Charles S. (2020-04-03)
Which states and MSAs have large shares of workers at high risk of unemployment?
On the Economy