Journal Article
What Makes Companies Invest? Decisions about investment at the firm level are important to the path of economic growth
Phelps, Hailey (2020-10)
Econ Focus , Issue 4Q , Pages 12-15

Discussion Paper
CDFIs on the Prize: Recent Federal Awards for Community Development Financial Institutions
Carpenter, Surekha; Phelps, Hailey (2023-06-16)
Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs) are mission-driven banks, credit unions, loan funds, and venture capital funds that expand financial access to low-and-moderate income (LMI) and underserved populations.In the past two years, after recognizing CDFIs' ability to reach and serve populations that were hard hit by the pandemic, Congress appropriated a total of $12 billion to the industry through three special programs. The money was allocated to the U.S. Department of the Treasury through the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. The scale of these funds set aside for CDFIs is ...
Regional Matters

Journal Article
Turning Stormwater Green: Green infrastructure can help reduce polluting runoff during severe storms, but questions about costs give some localities pause
Phelps, Hailey (2021-01)
Econ Focus , Issue Q1 , Pages 12-15

Briefing
How Do Small Business Finance and Monetary Policy Interact?
Phelps, Hailey; Wong, Russell (2020-10)
Richmond Fed Economic Brief , Volume 20 , Issue 11 , Pages 6 pgs.

Discussion Paper
Shifting Populations: Results From 2021 Census Estimates
Phelps, Hailey (2022-06-09)
When the COVID-19 pandemic first began in the United States in 2020, many workers started working full time from home. The expansion of remote work allowed a growing number of people to see a future in which where they worked and where they lived did not have to be one in the same. As workers became less tethered to their offices in big cities, stories emerged, including from our own outreach, of workers moving away from urban cores in favor of more rural areas. But do the stories align with what the data tell us?
Regional Matters

Discussion Paper
How are CDFIs Managing Pandemic-Related Disruptions?
Phelps, Hailey (2022-12-22)
Last month, the Federal Reserve released results from its most recent COVID-19 Community Impact Survey.1 The survey is designed to collect information on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on low- to moderate-income (LMI) communities and the organizations serving them. Among these organizations are community development financial institutions (CDFIs), which have a mission to provide credit and financial services to underserved individuals and communities. (See "Expanding Credit Access through Community Development Financial Institutions," Econ Focus, Fourth Quarter 2022.). This post ...
Regional Matters

Discussion Paper
Expanding Their Reach: New Products and Services CDFIs Want to Provide
Phelps, Hailey (2023-11-09)
Community development financial institutions (CDFIs) are financial institutions with a mission to serve low- and moderate-income (LMI) individuals and communities. Since 2019, the Federal Reserve has fielded the national CDFI Survey to learn more about these institutions and how they are faring and evolving. This spring, we fielded the 2023 CDFI Survey and received responses from over 450 CDFIs nationwide. Survey results have shown that demand for CDFIs' products and services has continually grown for years. As a result, many institutions are looking to expand what they offer to their ...
Regional Matters

Discussion Paper
Breaking Down the Decline in Public School Enrollment
Crockett, Abigail; Phelps, Hailey (2021-03-04)
Regional Matters

Discussion Paper
Communities Are Still Facing Disruptions: Is Recovery in Sight?
Carpenter, Surekha; Phelps, Hailey (2022-01-13)
Regional Matters

Discussion Paper
2020 Census: A Look at the Fifth District
Phelps, Hailey (2021-12-16)
Regional Matters