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Journal Article
Childhood Income Volatility
Rising volatility in family income suggests that government efforts such as the monthly payment of the child tax credit may be appropriate.
Journal Article
Inflation and Shipping Costs
Imports that are more reliant on ocean freight have seen higher import price inflation since the start of the pandemic.
How Income Volatility Affects Food Volatility
Family income volatility can affect children negatively in the long term, but it can also determine how much parents are able to spend on food.
Retirements Surge for Older Workers during COVID-19
Though retirement decisions vary by different age groups, the COVID-19 pandemic increased retirement rates for those age 66 and older.
Working Paper
Where Did the Workers Go? The Effect of COVID Immigration Restrictions on Post-Pandemic Labor Market Tightness
During the COVID pandemic there were unprecedented shortfalls in immigration. At the same time, during the economic recovery, the labor market was tight, with the number of vacancies per unemployed worker reaching 2.5, more than twice its pre-pandemic average. In this paper, we investigate whether these two trends are linked. We do not find evidence to support the hypothesis that the immigration shortfalls caused the tight labor market for two reasons. First, at the peak, we were missing about 2 million immigrant workers, but this number had largely recovered by February 2022 just as the ...
St. Louis Fed Research Associates Discuss Work and Experiences
RAs help the St. Louis Fed’s staff of economists investigate topics ranging from productivity to unemployment.
Family Needs Affect U.S. Labor Participation of Prime-Age Workers
The share of people ages 25-55 who are out of the U.S. labor force because they’re taking care of family or the home rose sharply during the pandemic.
Do Congested Ports Cause Higher Shipping Costs?
An analysis of changes in the cost to ship to major U.S. ports suggests that rising costs varied more by the country of origin than by the port of entry.
Journal Article
Information and Communications Technology Spending and City Size
Firms in big cities are spending more on information and communications technology than firms in small cities, a likely cause of the growing economic divide between big and small U.S. cities.
Journal Article
Assessing Labor Market Conditions Using High-Frequency Data
When the COVID-19 pandemic struck in March 2020, the U.S. economy experienced a sharp, unexpected recession with large employment losses. The information on employment available from traditional data sources arrives with a lag and does not promptly reflect sudden changes in labor market conditions. In this article, we discuss how new high-frequency data from Homebase and Ultimate Kronos Group can offer critical information on the state of labor markets in real time. Using these datasets, we construct coincident employment indices to assess employment at a high frequency. Employment during the ...