Journal Article
Banking crises around the world: different governments, different responses
El-Ghazaly, Hoda S.; Contessi, Silvio (2011-04)
Over the past 40 years, there have been more than 120 banking crises around the world. Different governments have responded in different ways. The gross and net costs as a percentage of GDP range wildly, anywhere from less than 1 percent to well beyond 30 percent.
The Regional Economist , Issue Apr , Pages 10-16

Newsletter
The U.S. deficit outlook March 2010
El-Ghazaly, Hoda S. (2010-03)
For years, economists have debated the wisdom of increasing government spending during recessions. On the one hand, increased spending adds to budget deficits, but on the other, increased spending can stimulate the economy during a downturn, thus speeding recovery. Deficits topped $1.4 trillion in the latest recession?which raises two questions: "How big is 'too big' in terms of spending?" and "What are the long-term consequences?" The March 2010 Newsletter offers some insights into this timely topic.
Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter , Issue March

Journal Article
U.S. trade springs back
El-Ghazaly, Hoda S.; Contessi, Silvio (2011)
The evidence suggests that the combination of a slowdown in trade finance and inventory adjustments likely explain the recent trade dynamics.
Economic Synopses

Journal Article
Multinationals from emerging economies: growing but little understood
El-Ghazaly, Hoda S.; Contessi, Silvio (2010-07)
Their share of the foreign investment pie grew from 0.4 percent in 1970 to 15.8 percent in 2008. What's behind the growth?
The Regional Economist , Issue Jul , Pages 16-17

Newsletter
The ins and outs of unemployment insurance
El-Ghazaly, Hoda S. (2010-11)
Although the economy is rebounding, the unemployment rate remains high and private sector job gains remain weak. economists debate whether extending unemployment benefits keep unemployment artificially high by discouraging work.
Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter , Issue November

Newsletter
Deflation: who let the air out?
El-Ghazaly, Hoda S. (2011-02)
Inflation, deflation, disinflation. They affect the prices of everything we buy. To find out how and what?s happening in today?s economy, see the February 2011 newsletter, ?Deflation: Who Let the Air Out??
Liber8 Economic Information Newsletter , Issue February

Journal Article
The trade collapse: lining up the suspects
El-Ghazaly, Hoda S.; Contessi, Silvio (2010-04)
Don't blame trade restrictions this time. Instead, the three culprits are the credit crunch, the "compositional effect" and the trend away from making an entire product in one country.
The Regional Economist , Issue Apr , Pages 10-11

Journal Article
A jump in consumer loans?
Gopalan, Yadav K.; El-Ghazaly, Hoda S. (2010)
The dramatic increases [in consumer loans] over the past few months have been caused by a new reporting requirement issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
Economic Synopses

Journal Article
Commercial bank lending data during the crisis: handle with care
El-Ghazaly, Hoda S.; Contessi, Silvio (2009)
Caution is necessary when making inferences based solely on aggregate loans data.
Economic Synopses