Working Paper
U.S. air passenger service: a taxonomy of route networks, hub locations, and competition
Bauer, Paul W.; Bania, Neil; Zlatoper, Thomas J. (1992)
In this paper, we analyze the service provided by the 13 largest U.S. passenger airlines to the 100 most populous U.S. metropolitan areas in 1989. We classify the route systems by their nature and geographical extent using a variety of measures based on route-level data. We then identify individual airline hub locations and derive and calculate several measures of the extent of competition both on individual routes and at the airports in our sample. The results show the wide diversity of route networks that existed in the airline industry in 1989--a phenomenon that may help to explain the ...
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 9216

Working Paper
The determinants of airport hub locations, service, and competition
Bauer, Paul W.; Bania, Neil; Zlatoper, Thomas J. (1992)
Although the airline industry has been studied extensively since passage of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, relatively little effort has gone into examining how hub location affects the level of service and degree of competition found at airports in the system. To help close this gap, we investigate the geographic distribution of airline hub operations, the level of service, and the extent of competition at 112 major U.S. airports, extending previous work by Bauer (1987) and Butler and Huston (1989). Our key innovation is that we derive our measures of service and competition from ...
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 9218

Journal Article
Unbalanced growth and the U.S. productivity slowdown
Bauer, Paul W. (1992-01)
An explanation of the slower trend rate of U.S. productivity growth in the past two decades as a natural response to unbalanced growth, whereby resources are shifted from sectors with high productivity growth rates to those with lower rates, such as the rapidly expanding service sector.
Economic Commentary , Issue Jan

Journal Article
Productivity gains: how permanent?
Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Bauer, Paul W.; Schweitzer, Mark E. (2001-09)
This Economic Commentary confirms that productivity growth has been unusually robust over the last few years and explores reasonable assumptions about the likely future pattern of productivity growth. These assumptions can generate substantially different productivity growth paths. Government forecasts, which guide the major tax and benefit programs, have been increased in recent years yet remain cautious.
Economic Commentary , Issue Sep

Journal Article
A reexamination of the relationship between capacity utilization and inflation
Bauer, Paul W. (1990-07)
A review of the theoretical and empirical relationship between capacity utilization and inflation, employing a two-equation structural model that does not suffer from simultaneity bias and that appears to be stable over time.
Economic Review , Volume 26 , Issue Q III , Pages 2-12

Working Paper
Consistency conditions for regulatory analysis of financial institutions: a comparison of frontier efficiency methods
Bauer, Paul W.; Berger, Allen N.; Humphrey, David B.; Ferrier, Gary D. (1997)
We propose a set of consistency conditions that frontier efficiency measures should meet to be most useful for regulatory analysis or other purposes. The efficiency estimates should be consistent in their efficiency levels, rankings, and identification of best and worst firms, consistent over time and with competitive conditions in the market, and consistent with standard nonfrontier measures of performance. We provide evidence on these conditions by evaluating and comparing efficiency estimates on U.S. bank efficiency from variants of all four of the major approaches -- DEA, SFA, TFA, and ...
Financial Services working paper , Paper 97-02

Journal Article
\"Don't panic\": a primer on airline deregulation
Bauer, Paul W. (1986-10)
A summary of the theory behind airline deregulation, and a look at the future evolution of the airline industry as it adapts to its new environment.
Economic Review , Issue Q IV , Pages 17-24

Journal Article
Paths to prosperity: knowledge is key for Fourth District states
Bauer, Paul W.; Schweitzer, Mark E. (2006-08)
Even as per capita income has increased across the United States, differences among states? incomes remain. What are the sources of these remaining differences? This Commentary identifies and analyzes the key factors?patents, educational attainment, and industry structure?that influence income-growth rates and thus per capita incomes. It also explores where the Fourth District falls in relation to other states and the country as a whole.
Economic Commentary , Issue Aug

Working Paper
TFP growth, change in efficiency, and technological progress in the U. S. airline industry: 1970 to 1981
Bauer, Paul W. (1988)
An overview of the airline industry's early adaptations to deregulation using a best-practice cost function approach; measures cost efficiency and changes in total factor productivity growth for airlines in the 1970s and early 1980s and discusses how these findings relate to individual airline performance.
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 8804

Journal Article
Are consumers cashing out?
Bauer, Paul W.; Littman, Daniel A. (2007-10)
The information age has led to many new forms of payment, including credit cards, debit cards, and online banking. In many ways, these new mechanisms seem preferable to cash. While the disappearance of cash is a very long way off, it seems people are starting to use it less.
Economic Commentary , Issue Oct