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Briefing
High-Frequency Indexes Excel in Times of Extreme Uncertainty
Murphy, Matthew
(2021-01)
In rapidly evolving crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, indexes of financial conditions based on high-frequency data give policymakers more timely information than better-known monthly or quarterly indicators. This Economic Brief discusses four high-frequency (daily or weekly) indexes that have become much more important in the past nine months.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Volume 21
, Issue 01
Briefing
Gender Diversity, Vaccine Allocation, Immigration and More: A Recap of the Spring Research Workshop
Sablik, Timothy
(2021-05)
Does gender diversity improve team performance? How should vaccines be allocated to combat a pandemic? How do employers affect how immigration impacts native workers? These were among the questions discussed by researchers during a recent virtual research workshop.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Volume 21
, Issue 14
Briefing
What Can Firm Level Data Show about Immigration's Impact on Labor Markets?
Morales, Nicolas; Brinatti, Agostina
(2021-10)
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Volume 21
, Issue 35
Briefing
How useful are consumer surveys as macroeconomic indicators?
Webb, Roy H.
(2010-07)
Most economic indicators attempt to summarize what happened at a particular time in the past. Consumer surveys, however, examine attitudes and are thus fundamentally different from other widely reported indicators. Some surveys, such as those that measure inflation expectations, have proven to be useful to economists and policymakers, while the evidence is more mixed for others, such as forecasts of consumer spending.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Issue July
Briefing
Why Are Women Leaving the Labor Force?
Canon, Maria E.; Fessenden, Helen; Kudlyak, Marianna
(2015-11)
The female labor force participation (LFP) rate has dropped steadily since 2000, especially among single women. At the same time, the percentage of single women has grown as a share of the female population, a trend that has increased the impact of the single women's LFP rate on the aggregate women's LFP rate. An analysis of data from the Current Population Survey shows that a growing percentage of single women who are not in the labor force are going to school. Meanwhile, an increasing share of married women list retirement as the reason for no longer participating in the labor force.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Issue Nov
Briefing
Bank Lending in the Time of COVID
Jarque, Arantxa; Ennis, Huberto M.
(2021-02)
We discuss the evolution of bank lending during the first several months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Large domestic banks and foreign-related banks increased significantly their lending to businesses during these months, much of it through existing lines of credit. Small domestic banks played an active role in providing paycheck protection loans. In terms of consumer credit, the stock of banks' residential mortgage loans did not change substantially, and the amount of bank credit flowing directly to consumers decreased.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Volume 21
, Issue 05
Briefing
The Pandemic, Child Care and Women’s Labor Force Participation
Latham, Sierra; Athreya, Kartik B.
(2022-05)
The pandemic has changed how households work, spend and care for children. In this Economic Brief, we highlight economic research that examines the patterns seen in women's work experiences in particular. We look at both the pandemic and, more generally, how shocks to the economy affect women's work decisions. Throughout, we will try to connect what we observe to households' broader economic environments and will emphasize — in the case of the pandemic — the role of away-from-home child care.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Volume 22
, Issue 16
Briefing
How Do Small Business Finance and Monetary Policy Interact?
Phelps, Hailey; Wong, Russell
(2020-10)
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Volume 20
, Issue 11
, Pages 6 pgs.
Briefing
How Risky Are Young Borrowers?
Romero, Jessica Sackett; Ghent, Andra C.; Debbaut, Peter; Kudlyak, Marianna
(2013-12)
Young borrowers are conventionally considered the most prone to making financial mistakes. This has spurred efforts to limit their access to credit, particularly via credit cards. Recent research suggests, however, that young borrowers are actually among the least likely to experience a serious credit card default. One reason why people obtain credit cards early in life may be to build a strong credit history.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Issue Dec
Briefing
Understanding the Surge in Commercial Real Estate Lending
Muething, Catherine; Fessenden, Helen
(2017-08)
U.S. banks have increased their commercial real estate (CRE) lending significantly in the past five years. Economists and regulators note that some positive factors are driving this trend, but they also see potential risks. Analysts at the Richmond Fed have found that some banks could be especially vulnerable if economic conditions deteriorate. These include institutions that are in certain major urban areas and have high concentrations of CRE loans, rapid CRE loan growth, and heavy reliance on "noncore" (or illiquid) funding. But the analysts also conclude that, overall, banks' CRE exposures ...
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Issue August
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Price, David A. 25 items
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