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Bank:Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City  Series:Economic Review 

Journal Article
Does faster loan growth lead to higher loan losses?

During the last couple of years, concern has increased that the exceptionally rapid growth in business loans at commercial banks has been due in large part to excessively easy credit standards. Some analysts argue that competition for loan customers has greatly increased, causing banks to reduce loan rates and ease credit standards to obtain new business. Others argue that as the economic expansion has continued and memories of past loan losses have faded, banks have become more willing to take risks. Whichever explanation is correct, the acceleration in loan growth could lead eventually to a ...
Economic Review , Volume 84 , Issue Q II , Pages 57-75

Journal Article
Reducing unemployment: current issues and policy options: a summary of the Bank's 1994 symposium

Reducing unemployment has become a top priority for economic policy in most industrialized nations. While unemployment will ebb somewhat as countries recover from the recent global recession, millions are likely to remain jobless for a variety of structural reasons. Moreover, there is a disturbing trend in many industrialized countries toward long-term unemployment, especially among low-skilled workers. This trend has had less effect on measured unemployment in the United States than in Europe in part because U.S. workers have greater incentives to accept low-wage jobs. Nonetheless, virtually ...
Economic Review , Volume 79 , Issue Q IV , Pages 45-58

Journal Article
Who Are the Unbanked? Characteristics Beyond Income

As the U.S. economy recovered from the Great Recession, more households entered the banking system. Still, 9 million households were unbanked in 2015. Understanding the characteristics of these households is critical in designing effective policies for financial inclusion. Policymakers often consider low income to be the defining characteristic of the unbanked. However, this broad characterization may mask large differences in banking status within low-income groups. {{p}} Fumiko Hayashi and Sabrina Minhas examine which household characteristics beyond income are associated with households? ...
Economic Review , Issue Q II , Pages 55-70

Journal Article
Financial stress in the oil patch: recent experience at energy banks

Economic Review , Volume 72 , Issue Jun , Pages 9-23

Journal Article
Guidelines for efficient reserve management

Economic Review , Volume 62 , Issue Nov , Pages 11-23

Journal Article
Bank consolidation and merger activity following the crisis.

Michal Kowalik, Troy Davig, Charles S. Morris, and Kristen Regehr analyze the financial characteristics of acquired community banks from 2011 to 2014.
Economic Review , Issue Q I , Pages 31-49

Journal Article
Inflation and recession, 1979-82: supply shocks and economic policy

Economic Review , Volume 68 , Issue Jun , Pages 8-21

Journal Article
Regulating debit cards: the case of ad valorem fees

Debit cards have become an indispensable part of the U.S. payments system, accounting for more than a third of consumer payments at point of sale. With this development has come controversy: Card networks charge merchants fees that merchants believe are too high. And most of the fees are ad valorem that is, based on transaction value rather than fixed fees per transaction. ; Given that debit cards incur a fixed cost per transaction, why do networks charge ad valorem fees? How do ad valorem fees affect payment market participants, including consumers, merchants, and card networks? And should ...
Economic Review , Volume 95 , Issue Q I , Pages 71-93

Journal Article
The transformation of manufacturing across Federal Reserve Districts: success for the Great Plains?

Despite experiencing solid gains in the last two years, U.S. manufacturing employment is down by about one-third since 1990. The decline has been felt more dramatically in some eastern Federal Reserve Districts. ; In the three Districts of the Great Plains?Dallas, Kansas City and Minneapolis?factory employment has consistently held up better than in other Districts. ; Wilkerson and Williams find that since 2000, nearly half of the better factory jobs performance in the Great Plains has been due to a more favorable mix of manufacturing industries than in other regions of the country.
Economic Review , Volume 97 , Issue Q II

Journal Article
The transformation of banking and its impact on consumers and small businesses

The banking industry has undergone profound changes during the last decade. The most obvious change has been the large number of bank mergers, which have increased both the average size of banks and the area over which they operate. Other changes may also prove dramatic but are at this point just getting under way?the growth of Internet banking and the combination of banking with other financial services, such as insurance and securities underwriting.> The implications of these changes for the profitability and safety of banks have been widely discussed, but what do they mean for local ...
Economic Review , Volume 86 , Issue Q I , Pages 25-53

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