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Bank:Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco 

Journal Article
Investor perspective: how to invest in NMTCs

Wells Fargo Bank has over $1 billion in its community investment portfolio and is one of the country?s leading investors in NMTC. This article is a practical analysis of how to target and underwrite NMTC investments.
Community Development Innovation Review , Issue 1 , Pages 33-36

Journal Article
Financial modernization and regulation

FRBSF Economic Letter

Journal Article
What explains capital flows?

FRBSF Economic Letter

Journal Article
Financial crises in emerging markets

This Economic Letter briefly reviews 11 papers that provide analytical perspectives and new empirical evidence on the causes of these crises as well as the appropriate policy responses. These papers, prepared for a conference sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco?s Center for Pacific Basin Monetary and Economic Studies, have been collected in Financial Crises in Emerging Markets (edited by R. Glick, R. Moreno, and M. Spiegel), published in 2001 by Cambridge University Press.
FRBSF Economic Letter

Conference Paper
Hoarding international reserves versus a Pigovian tax-cum-subsidy scheme: Reflections on the deleveraging crisis of 2008-9, and a cost benefit analysis

In this paper we outline a Pigovian tax-cum-subsidy scheme that deals with concerns about the costs and efficacy of hoarding international reserves (IR) as a means of self-insurance against a deleveraging crisis. We overview the degree to which IR provided self-insurance to Emerging Markets (EMs) during the 2008-9 crisis, pointing out that the fear of losing IR constrained the use of a pre-crisis IR war-chest. The crisis validates the need for external debt management policy. EMs found that their initial large stocks of IR were not enough to prevent runs on their IR and large currency ...
Proceedings , Issue Oct

Journal Article
Western economic developments

Western economic developments , Issue Jan

Working Paper
Determinants of access to external finance: evidence from Spanish firms

Access to external finance is a key determinant of a firm's ability to develop, operate and expand. To date, the literature has examined a variety of macroeconomic and microeconomic factors that influence firm financing. In this paper, we examine access by Spanish firms to external financing, both from bank and non-bank sources. We use dynamic panel data estimation techniques to estimate our models over a sample of 60,000 firms during the period from 1992 to 2002. We find that Spanish firms are quite dependent on short-term non-bank financing (such as trade credit), which makes up about 65 ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2007-22

Journal Article
The baby boom, the baby bust, and asset markets

FRBSF Economic Letter

Journal Article
Productivity in the Twelfth District

FRBSF Economic Letter

Conference Paper
No-arbitrage Taylor rules - comments

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