Journal Article
Where Are the Workers? A Look into the Decline in Immigration
Rubinton, Hannah; Marks, Cassandra (2023-09-15)
The number of missing workers in the US labor force peaked at 2.58 million in June 2020 during the pandemic, but immigration restrictions are likely not the main driver of the high vacancy-to-unemployment ratio.
Economic Synopses

Journal Article
Recent Spike in Immigration and Easing Labor Markets
Duzhak, Evgeniya A. (2024-07-15)
The Congressional Budget Office recently raised its demographic projections for net U.S. immigration. Most of the increase in the projections came from undocumented immigrants. Updating the CBO estimates with recent data points shows a continuing strong inflow of undocumented migrants. Analysis linking the revised estimates for this group to labor market statistics shows that immigrants joining the workforce are likely to have modestly eased labor market tightness.
FRBSF Economic Letter , Volume 2024 , Issue 19 , Pages 6

Journal Article
Where Are Labor Markets the Tightest? A Tale of the 100 Largest US Cities
Marks, Cassandra; Ricketts, Lowell R.; Rodgers, William M.; Rubinton, Hannah (2023-12-15)
How does labor market tightness vary across the US, and how have labor markets changed since the pandemic? The vacancy-to-unemployment ratio is a common measure.
Economic Synopses , Issue 25 , Pages 3 pages