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Report
Does CFPB Oversight Crimp Credit?
Vickery, James; Fuster, Andreas; Plosser, Matthew (2018-06-01)
We study how regulatory oversight by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) affects mortgage credit supply and other aspects of bank behavior. We use a difference-in-differences approach exploiting changes in regulatory intensity and a size cutoff below which banks are exempt from CFPB scrutiny. CFPB oversight leads to a reduction in lending in the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) market, which primarily serves riskier borrowers. However, it is also associated with a lower transition probability from moderate to serious delinquency, suggesting that tighter regulatory oversight ...
Staff Reports , Paper 857

Discussion Paper
The Treasury Market Practices Group: A Consequential First Decade
Garbade, Kenneth D.; Mithal, Radhika; Keane, Frank M. (2017-09-26)
The Treasury Market Practices Group (TMPG) was formed in February 2007 in response to the appearance of some questionable trading practices in the secondary market for U.S. Treasury securities. (A history of the origins of the TMPG is available here.) Left unaddressed, the practices threatened to harm the efficiency and integrity of an essential global benchmark market. The Group responded by identifying and publicizing ?best practices? in trading Treasury securities?a statement of behavioral norms intended to maintain a level and competitive playing field for all market participants. The ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20170926

Discussion Paper
What Happens When Regulatory Capital Is Marked to Market?
Vickery, James; Fuster, Andreas (2018-10-11)
Minimum equity capital requirements are a key part of bank regulation. But there is little agreement about the right way to measure regulatory capital. One of the key debates is the extent to which capital ratios should be based on current market values rather than historical ?accrual? values of assets and liabilities. In a new research paper, we investigate the effects of a recent regulatory change that ties regulatory capital directly to the market value of the securities portfolio for some banks.
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20181011

Journal Article
Banking Trends: Skin in the Game in the CMBS Market
DiSalvo, James; Johnston, Ryan (2018-01)
Issuers of commercial mortgage-backed securities must now retain a portion on their own books. What evidence is there that the rule will reduce risky lending?
Banking Trends , Issue Q1 , Pages 11-17

Speech
Perspectives on the Economic Outlook and Banking Supervision and Regulation; 2017-08-02; The Community Bankers Association of Ohio Annual Convention, Cincinnati, OH
Mester, Loretta J. (2017-08-02)
Today, I enjoy the fruits of the strong relationship that has developed between Ohio bankers and the Cleveland Fed. The bankers who serve on our Community Depository Institutions Advisory Council (CDIAC) and on our board of directors generously provide me with their valuable insights into regional economic and banking conditions. As you all know, community banks play a vital role in the economic health of their communities, providing creditworthy businesses the wherewithal to prosper and households the ability to improve their financial standing and quality of life. Because of their important ...
Speech , Paper 85

Journal Article
Banking on the Boom, Tripped by the Bust: Banks and the World War I Agricultural Price Shock
Wheelock, David C.; Jaremski, Matthew (2020-10)
How do banks respond to asset booms? This paper examines i) how U.S. banks responded to the World War I farmland boom; ii) the impact of regulation; and iii) how bank closures exacerbated the post-war bust. The boom encouraged new bank formation and balance sheet expansion (especially by new banks). Deposit insurance amplified the impact of rising crop prices on bank portfolios, while higher minimum capital requirements dampened the effects. Banks that responded most aggressively to the asset boom had a higher probability of closing in the bust, and counties with more bank closures ...
Working Papers , Volume 52 , Issue 7

Working Paper
Did residential electricity rates fall after retail competition? a dynamic panel analysis
Yücel, Mine K.; Swadley, Adam (2011)
A key selling point for the restructuring of electricity markets was the promise of lower prices, that competition among independent power suppliers would lower electricity prices to retail customers. There is not much consensus in earlier studies on the effects of electricity deregulation, particularly for residential customers. Part of the reason for not finding a consistent link with deregulation and lower prices was that the removal of the transitional price caps led to higher prices. In addition, the timing of the removal of price caps coincided with rising fuel prices, which were passed ...
Working Papers , Paper 1105

Working Paper
The Aggregate Implications of Size Dependent Distortions
Roys, Nicolas (2016-10-05)
This paper examines the aggregate implications of size-dependent distortions. These regulations misallocate labor across firms and hence reduce aggregate productivity. It then considers a case-study of labor laws in France where firms that have 50 employees or more face substantially more regulation than firms that have less than 50. The size distribution of firms is visibly distorted by these regulations: there are many firms with exactly 49 employees. A quantitative model is developed with a payroll tax of 0.15% that only applies to firm above 50 employees. Removing the regulation improves ...
Working Papers , Paper 2016-24

Report
Banking Supervision: The Perspective from Economics
Hirtle, Beverly (2020-12-01)
Economists have extensively analyzed the regulation of banks and the banking industry, but have devoted considerably less attention to bank supervision as a distinct activity. Indeed, much of the banking literature has used the terms “supervision” and “regulation” interchangeably. This paper provides a heuristic review of the economics literature on microprudential bank supervision, highlighting broad findings and existing gaps, especially those related to work on supervision’s theoretical underpinnings. The theoretical literature examining the motivation for supervision (monitoring ...
Staff Reports , Paper 952

Newsletter
2015 Conference on Central Counterparty Risk Management: Resolution
Steigerwald, Robert; Duey, Zachary (2015)
The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago hosted its second annual Conference on Central Counterparty Risk Management on November 3, 2015. Panelists from regulatory authorities, central counterparties (CCPs), CCP service providers, financial institutions, and resolution authorities discussed initiating CCP resolution proceedings, managing a CCP in resolution, and consultation and coordination during CCP resolution proceedings.
Chicago Fed Letter

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