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Journal Article
Interstate banking and the outflows of local funds
Dunham, Constance R. (1986-03)
New England Economic Review , Issue Mar , Pages 7-19

Working Paper
A question of liquidity: the great banking run of 2008?
Montoriol-Garriga, Judit; Sekeris, Evan G. (2009)
The current financial crisis has given rise to a new type of bank run, one that affects both the banks' assets and liabilities. In this paper we combine information from the commercial paper market with loan level data from the Survey of Terms of Business Loans to show that during the 2007-2008 financial crises banks suffered a run on credit lines. First, as in previous crises, we find an increase in the usage of credit lines as commercial spreads widen, especially among the lowest quality firms. Second, as the crises deepened, firms drew down their credit lines out of fear that the weakened ...
Supervisory Research and Analysis Working Papers , Paper QAU09-4

Report
Bank capital and value in the cross section
Mehran, Hamid; Thakor, Anjan V. (2009)
We address two questions: (i) Are bank capital structure and value correlated in the cross section, and if so, how? (ii) If bank capital does affect bank value, how are the components of bank value affected by capital? We first develop a dynamic model with a dissipative cost of bank capital that is traded off against the benefits of capital: strengthened incentives for the bank to engage in value-enhancing loan monitoring and a higher probability of avoiding regulatory closure due to loan delinquencies. The model predicts that (i) the total value of the bank and its equity capital are ...
Staff Reports , Paper 390

Report
Financial amplification mechanisms and the Federal Reserve's supply of liquidity during the crisis
Sarkar, Asani; Shrader, Jeffrey (2010)
The small decline in the value of mortgage-related assets relative to the large total losses associated with the financial crisis suggests the presence of financial amplification mechanisms, which allow relatively small shocks to propagate through the financial system. We review the literature on financial amplification mechanisms and discuss the Federal Reserve's interventions during different stages of the crisis in light of this literature. We interpret the Fed's early-stage liquidity programs as working to dampen balance sheet amplifications arising from the positive feedback between ...
Staff Reports , Paper 431

Report
Robust capital regulation
Schuermann, Til; Thakor, Anjan V.; Acharya, Viral V.; Mehran, Hamid (2011)
Banks? leverage choices represent a delicate balancing act. Credit discipline argues for more leverage, while balance-sheet opacity and ease of asset substitution argue for less. Meanwhile, regulatory safety nets promote ex post financial stability, but also create perverse incentives for banks to engage in correlated asset choices and to hold little equity capital. As a way to cope with these distorted incentives, we outline a two-tier capital framework for banks. The first tier is a regular core capital requirement that helps deter excessive risk-taking incentives. The second tier, a novel ...
Staff Reports , Paper 490

Report
Judging the risk of banks: what makes banks opaque?
Morgan, Donald P. (1998)
We argue that the risk of banks is hard for outsiders to judge because the risk of their mostly financial assets is either hard to measure (opaque) or easy to change. We report evidence that bond rating agencies seem to disagree more over banks than over other types of firms. Among banks, bond raters disagree more over opaque assets, like loans, and easily substitutable assets, like cash and trading assets. Fixed assets, like premises, reduce disagreement. Capital also reduces disagreement, but only at trading banks, where the risk of asset shifting may be most severe.
Research Paper , Paper 9805

Report
Rating risks: risk and uncertainty in an opaque industry
Morgan, Donald P. (2000)
The pattern of disagreement between bond raters suggests that bank and insurance firms are inherently more opaque than other firms. Moody's and Standard and Poor's split more frequently over these financial intermediaries, and the splits are more lopsided, as theory here predicts. Uncertainty over the banks stems from their assets, loans and trading assets in particular, the risks of which are hard to observe or easy to change. Banks' high leverage, which invites agency problems, compounds the uncertainty over their assets. Our findings bear on both the existence and reform of bank regulation.
Staff Reports , Paper 105

Report
Liquidity hoarding
Yorulmazer, Tanju; Gale, Douglas (2011)
Banks hold liquid and illiquid assets. An illiquid bank that receives a liquidity shock sells assets to liquid banks in exchange for cash. We characterize the constrained efficient allocation as the solution to a planner?s problem and show that the market equilibrium is constrained inefficient, with too little liquidity and inefficient hoarding. Our model features a precautionary as well as a speculative motive for hoarding liquidity, but the inefficiency of liquidity provision can be traced to the incompleteness of markets (due to private information) and the increased price volatility that ...
Staff Reports , Paper 488

Conference Paper
Monitoring, liquidity, and institutional investment choice
Winton, Andrew (1997)
Proceedings , Paper 561

Conference Paper
BIF loss exposure: a simple actuarial approach
French, George E. (1993)
Proceedings , Paper 403

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