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Journal Article
Measuring the Stance of Monetary Policy on and off the Zero Lower Bound
Choi, Jason; Doh, Taeyoung (2016-07)
Taeyoung Doh and Jason Choi propose a new ?shadow? short-term interest rate to measure the stance of policy when the federal funds rate was constrained by the zero lower bound.
Economic Review , Issue Q III , Pages 5-24

Speech
Comments on “A Skeptical View of the Impact of the Fed’s Balance Sheet”: remarks at the 2018 U.S. Monetary Policy Forum, New York City
Dudley, William (2018-02-23)
Remarks at the 2018 U.S. Monetary Policy Forum, New York City.
Speech , Paper 275

Working Paper
Should We Be Puzzled by Forward Guidance?
Bundick, Brent; Smith, Andrew Lee (2020-04-30)
Although a growing literature argues output is too sensitive to future interest rates in standard macroeconomic models, little empirical evidence has been put forth to evaluate this claim. In this paper, we use a range of vector autoregression models to answer the central question of how much output responds to changes in interest rate expectations following a monetary policy shock. Despite distinct identification strategies and sample periods, we find surprising agreement regarding this elasticity across empirical models. We then show that in a standard model of nominal rigidity estimated ...
Research Working Paper , Paper RWP 20-01

Working Paper
A Probability-Based Stress Test of Federal Reserve Assets and Income
Christensen, Jens H. E.; Lopez, Jose A.; Rudebusch, Glenn D. (2013-12-16)
To support the economy, the Federal Reserve amassed a large portfolio of long-term bonds. We assess the Fed?s associated interest rate risk ? including potential losses to its Treasury securities holdings and declines in remittances to the Treasury. Unlike past examinations of this interest rate risk, we attach probabilities to alternative interest rate scenarios. These probabilities are obtained from a dynamic term structure model that respects the zero lower bound on yields. The resulting probability-based stress test finds that the Fed?s losses are unlikely to be large and remittances are ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2013-38

Working Paper
The dynamic effects of forward guidance shocks
Bundick, Brent; Smith, Andrew Lee (2016-01-15)
We examine the macroeconomic effcts of forward guidance shocks at the zero lower bound. Empirically, we identify forward guidance shocks using unexpected changes in futures contracts around monetary policy announcements. We then embed these policy shocks in a vector autoregression to trace out their macroeconomic implications. Forward guidance shocks that lower expected future policy rates lead to moderate increases in economic activity and inflation. After examining forward guidance shocks in the data, we show that a standard model of nominal price rigidity can reproduce our empirical ...
Research Working Paper , Paper RWP 16-2

Working Paper
Household Debt and the Heterogeneous Effects of Forward Guidance
Paustian, Matthias; Ferrante, Francesco (2019-11-27)
We develop an incomplete-markets heterogeneous agent New-Keynesian (HANK) model in which households are allowed to lend and borrow, subject to a borrowing constraint. We show that, in this framework, forward guidance, that is the promise by the central bank to lower future interest rates, can be a powerful policy tool, especially when the economy is in a liquidity trap. In our model, the power of forward guidance is amplified by three redistributive channels, absent in a representative agent new- Keynesian model (RANK) or in a HANK model without private debt. First, expected lower rates imply ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1267

Working Paper
The Perils of Nominal Targets
Armenter, Roc (2016-11-10)
A monetary authority can be committed to pursuing an inflation, price-level, or nominal-GDP target yet systematically fail to achieve the prescribed goal. Con- strained by the zero lower bound on the policy rate, the monetary authority is unable to implement its objectives when private-sector expectations stray far enough from the target. Low-inflation expectations become self-fulfilling, resulting in an additional Markov equilibrium in which the monetary authority falls short of the nominal target, average output is below its efficient level, and the policy rate is typically low. Introducing ...
Working Papers , Paper 16-30

Working Paper
Learning and Misperception: Implications for Price-Level Targeting
Winkler, Fabian; Bodenstein, Martin; Hebden, James (2019-11-13)
Monetary policy strategies that target the price level have been advocated as a more effective way to provide economic stimulus in a deep recession when conventional monetary policy is limited by the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates. Yet, the effectiveness of these strategies depends on a central bank's ability to steer agents' expectations about the future path of the policy rate. We develop a flexible method of learning about the central bank's policy rule from observed interest rates that takes into account the limited informational content at the zero lower bound. When agents ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2019-078

Working Paper
Conservatism and Liquidity Traps
Schmidt, Sebastian; Nakata, Taisuke (2014-11-12)
Appointing Rogoff's (1985) conservative central banker improves welfare if the economy is subject to large contractionary shocks and the policy rate occasionally falls to the zero lower bound (ZLB). In an economy with occasionally binding ZLB constraints, the anticipation of future ZLB episodes creates a trade-off between inflation and output stabilization. As a consequence, inflation systematically falls below target even when the policy rate is above zero. A conservative central banker mitigates this deflationary bias away from the ZLB, improving allocations both at and away from the ZLB ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2014-105

Working Paper
Expectation and Duration at the Effective Lower Bound
King, Thomas B. (2016-11-30)
I study unconventional monetary policy in a structural model of risk-averse arbitrage, augmented with an effective lower bound (ELB) on nominal rates. The model exposes nonlinear interactions among short-rate expectations, bond supply, and term premia that are absent from models that ignore the ELB, and these features help it replicate the recent behavior of long-term yields, including event-study evidence on the responses to unconventional policy. When the model is calibrated to long-run moments of the yield curve and subjected to shocks approximating the size of the Federal Reserve?s ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP-2016-21

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