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Speech
Views on Current Economic Conditions and Monetary Policy
Collins, Susan M.
(2025-09-30)
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston President & CEO Susan M. Collins shared brief remarks at the Council on Foreign Relations' C. Peter McColough Series on International Economics. Following the brief remarks, President Collins discussed economic conditions and monetary policy with CNBC Technology and Global Markets Correspondent Seema Mody.
Speech
Working Paper
Tariff passthrough at the border and at the store: evidence from US trade policy
Cavallo, Alberto; Gopinath, Gita; Neiman, Brent; Tang, Jenny
(2019-11-01)
We use micro data collected at the border and at retailers to characterize the effects brought by recent changes in US trade policy ? particularly the tariffs placed on imports from China ? on importers, consumers, and exporters. We start by documenting that the tariffs were almost fully passed through to the total prices paid by importers, suggesting that the tariffs? incidence has fallen largely on the United States. Since we estimate the response of prices to exchange rates to be far more muted, the recent depreciation of the Chinese renminbi is unlikely to alter this conclusion. Next, ...
Working Papers
, Paper 19-12
Journal Article
The Economic Implications of Tariff Increases
Paulson, Caroline M.; Poduri, Aditi; Singh, Aayush; Ulate, Mauricio
(2025-07-14)
Trade policy in the United States has been in flux in recent months. A theoretical analysis of recent increases in U.S. tariffs, including potential retaliatory tariffs by other countries, suggests a resulting drop in overall U.S. employment, although manufacturing employment increases. Results also indicate a decline in overall real income for the United States of around 0.4%, although this number masks important variation across U.S. states.
FRBSF Economic Letter
, Volume 2025
, Issue 16
, Pages 5
Discussion Paper
Who Pays the Tax on Imports from China?
Nattinger, Michael; Klitgaard, Thomas; Higgins, Matthew
(2019-11-25)
Tariffs are a form of taxation. Indeed, before the 1920s, tariffs (or customs duties) were typically the largest source of funding for the U.S. government. Of little interest for decades, tariffs are again becoming relevant, given the substantial increase in the rates charged on imports from China. U.S. businesses and consumers are shielded from the higher tariffs to the extent that Chinese firms lower the dollar prices they charge. U.S. import price data, however, indicate that prices on goods from China have so far not fallen. As a result, U.S. wholesalers, retailers, manufacturers, and ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20191125
Briefing
Tariff Update: Incorporating Recent Decisions and Deals
Azzimonti-Renzo, Marina; Wyckoff, Acacia
(2025-06-06)
In March, we introduced a benchmark measure of the average effective tariff rate (AETR), using detailed trade data for 2024. We subsequently updated this analysis to reflect the tariff announcements on April 2 (commonly referred to as "Liberation Day") and April 9. This article provides another update by incorporating recent court decisions involving these tariff announcements as well as trade agreements with the U.K. and China, described later in this article in more detail.As in our previous analysis, we report AETRs by country and industry. While the industry-level AETR reflects the direct ...
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Volume 25
, Issue 23
Speech
Policy Panel Opening Remarks at Hoover Monetary Policy Conference
Musalem, Alberto G.
(2025-05-09)
St. Louis Fed President Alberto Musalem participated in a panel at the Hoover Monetary Policy Conference: Finishing the Job and New Challenges. He shared his views on monetary policy in his opening remarks at the event in Stanford, Calif.The panel also included Isabel Schnabel, member of the European Central Bank’s Executive Board; Beth Hammack, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland; and Lisa Cook, member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The panel was moderated by Peter Henry of the Hoover Institution.
Speech
Discussion Paper
Will the United States Benefit from the Trans-Pacific Partnership?
Mandel, Benjamin R.; Amiti, Mary
(2014-05-16)
U.S. involvement in what could be one of the world?s largest free trade agreements, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), has garnered a lot of attention, especially since the entry of Japan into negotiations last year. The proposed free trade agreement (FTA) encompasses twelve countries, which combined account for 45 percent of U.S. exports and 37 percent of U.S. imports. This broad coverage of U.S. trade seems to suggest large potential gains for the U.S. from the agreement. However, three quarters of this trade is already within the U.S. free trade agreement with Canada and Mexico (the ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20140516
Speech
Supply Factors and the Evolution of the Economy
Collins, Susan M.
(2025-04-10)
Federal Reserve Bank of Boston President & CEO Susan M. Collins delivered the 2025 Razin Economic Policy Lecture on “Supply Factors and the Evolution of the Economy” at Georgetown University. President Collins says her outlook for both economic activity and inflation remains clouded by significant uncertainty, as well as competing risks. She notes supply-side factors have been underappreciated in “understanding how the economy has evolved,” which is “critical for assessing its likely trajectory.” Looking ahead, President Collins expects supply factors will continue to play a key ...
Speech
Speech
Weighing the risks to the economic outlook: remarks at a meeting of The Breakfast Group, Boston, Massachusetts, September 4, 2019
Rosengren, Eric S.
(2019-09-04)
Speech
, Paper 148
How Tariffs Are Affecting Prices in 2025
Dvorkin, Maximiliano; Leibovici, Fernando; Santacreu, Ana Maria
(2025-10-16)
A model suggests that although tariffs have been only partially passed through to consumers, they already have exerted measurable pressure on prices.
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