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Discussion Paper
Student Loan Balance and Repayment Trends Since the Pandemic Disruption
Mangrum, Daniel; Wang, Crystal
(2025-03-26)
This month marks five years since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, after which subsequent policy responses upended most trends underlying student loans in the U.S. Beginning in March 2020, executive and legislative actions suspended student loan payments and the accumulation of interest for loans owned by the federal government. In addition, federal actions marked all past due and defaulted federal student loans as current, driving the delinquency rate on student loans below 1 percent by November 2022. Payments on federal student loans resumed in October 2023 after forty-three months of ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20250326a
Speech
Opening remarks at the Convening on Student Loan Data Conference
Dudley, William
(2015-03-04)
Remarks at the Convening on Student Loan Data Conference, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York City.
Speech
, Paper 158
Briefing
The Potential Impact of Public Service Student Loan Forgiveness in the Fifth District
Link, Elizabeth; Romero, Jessica Sackett; Turner, Sarah
(2022-08)
The Public Service Loan Forgiveness program offers government and nonprofit workers relief from outstanding federal loans after 10 years of employment. In October 2021, the Department of Education temporarily waived certain requirements, making many public service workers retroactively eligible for loan relief. This waiver expires on Oct. 31, 2022, creating a risk that many eligible beneficiaries will not access benefits. The program may be especially important in the Fifth District, which has a higher share of public service workers than the U.S. as a whole.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief
, Volume 22
, Issue 29
Working Paper
Does Salient Financial Information Affect Academic Performance and Borrowing Behavior among College Students?
Schmeiser, Maximilian D.; Stoddard, Christiana; Urban, Carly
(2015-09-10)
While rising student loan debt can plague college students future finances, few federal programs have been instituted to educate college students on the mechanics of student loan borrowing. This paper exploits a natural experiment in which some students received "Know Your Debt" letters with incentivized offers for one-on-one financial counseling. Montana State University students who reached a specific debt threshold received these letters; University of Montana students did not. We use a difference-in-difference-in-differences strategy to compare students above and below the thresholds ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2015-75
Discussion Paper
Diplomas to Doorsteps: Education, Student Debt, and Homeownership
Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Gorton, Nicole; Van der Klaauw, Wilbert
(2017-04-03)
Evidence overwhelmingly shows that the average earnings premium to having a college education is high and has risen over the past several decades, in part because of a decline in real average earnings for those without a college degree. In addition to high private returns, there are substantial social returns to having a well-educated citizenry and workforce. A new development that may have important longer-term implications for education investment and for the broader economy is a significant change in the financing of higher education. State funding has declined markedly over the past two ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20170403
Discussion Paper
Borrower Expectations for the Return of Student Loan Repayment
Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Mangrum, Daniel; Thomas, Sasha; Van der Klaauw, Wilbert
(2023-10-18)
After forty-three months of forbearance, the pause on federal student loan payments has ended. Originally enacted at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, the administrative forbearance and interest waiver lasted until September 1, 2023, and borrowers’ monthly payments resumed this month. As discussed in an accompanying post, the pause on student loan payments afforded borrowers over $260 billion in waived payments throughout the pandemic, supporting borrowers’ consumption and savings over the last three years. In this post, we analyze responses of student loan borrowers to ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20231018b
Discussion Paper
Household Formation within the “Boomerang Generation”
Brown, Meta; Lee, Donghoon; Van der Klaauw, Wilbert; Bleemer, Zachary
(2015-02-04)
Young Americans? living arrangements have changed strikingly over the past fifteen years, with recent cohorts entering the housing market at much lower rates and lingering much longer in their parents? households. The New York Times Magazine reported this past summer on the surge in college-educated young people who ?boomerang? back to living with their parents after graduation. Joining that trend are the many other members of this cohort who have never left home, whether or not they attend college. Why might young people increasingly reside with their parents? They may be unable to find ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20150204
Discussion Paper
Trends in Debt Concentration in the United States By Income
Lee, Donghoon; Mazewski, Matthew; Zafar, Basit; Scally, Joelle
(2015-11-05)
Household debt in the United States expanded before the Great Recession, contracted afterward, and has been recovering since 2013. But how has the distribution of debt across different income groups evolved over time? Who has been driving the recovery of household debt over the past two years? To date, there has been little work on how borrowing patterns for high- and low-income individuals have changed over time, although one notable exception is Amromin and McGranahan. Here, using the New York Fed Consumer Credit Panel (CCP), a quarterly panel data set based on Equifax credit reports, we ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20151105
Discussion Paper
Debt Relief and the CARES Act: Which Borrowers Face the Most Financial Strain?
Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Haughwout, Andrew F.; Lee, Donghoon; Nober, William; Scally, Joelle; Van der Klaauw, Wilbert
(2020-08-19)
In yesterday's post, we studied the expected debt relief from the CARES Act on mortgagors and student debt borrowers. We now turn our attention to the 63 percent of American borrowers who do not have a mortgage or student loan. These borrowers will not directly benefit from the loan forbearance provisions of the CARES Act, although they may be able to receive some types of leniency that many lenders have voluntarily provided. We ask who these borrowers are, by age, geography, race and income, and how does their financial health compare with other borrowers.
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20200819
Discussion Paper
Three Key Facts from the Center for Microeconomic Data’s 2022 Student Loan Update
Mangrum, Daniel; Scally, Joelle; Wang, Crystal
(2022-08-09)
Today, researchers from the Center for Microeconomic Data released the 2022 Student Loan Update, which contains statistics summarizing who holds student loans along with characteristics of these balances. To compute these statistics, we use the New York Fed Consumer Credit Panel (CCP), a nationally representative 5 percent sample of all U.S. adults with an Equifax credit report. For this update, we focus on individuals with a student loan on their credit report. The update is linked here and shared in the student debt section of the Center for Microeconomic Data’s website. In this post, we ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20220809
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