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Journal Article
Stock return and interest rate risk at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Schmid, Frank A. (2005-01)
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) with the stated objective of promoting home ownership by improving the availability of mortgage financing for private households. These enterprises engage in two separate and distinct lines of business: (i) assembling and marketing pools of mortgages on which they guarantee the timely payments of principal and interest and (ii) purchasing mortgage assets for their own portfolio, mostly funded with debt securities. This article examines the sensitivity of the returns on GSEs' equity shares to realizations of interest rate ...
Review , Volume 87 , Issue Jan , Pages 35-48

Working Paper
Housing and debt over the life cycle and over the business cycle
Pavan, Marina; Iacoviello, Matteo (2009)
This paper describes an equilibrium life-cycle model of housing where nonconvex adjustment costs lead households to adjust their housing choice infrequently and by large amounts when they do so. In the cross-sectional dimension, the model matches the wealth distribution; the age profiles of consumption, homeownership, and mortgage debt; and data on the frequency of housing adjustment. In the time-series dimension, the model accounts for the procyclicality and volatility of housing investment, and for the procyclical behavior of household debt.
Working Papers , Paper 09-12

Newsletter
Housing Markets in a Time of Crisis: A Historical Perspective
Fishback, Price; Snowden, Kenneth A.; Rose, Jonathan D. (2020)
As the coronavirus (Covid-19) public health crisis unfolds, a second crisis in the economy is developing as well. One economic concern, among many, is the debt burden of households. Early reports point to a surge in unemployment claims during March 2020, raising the prospect that widespread unemployment is likely to impair the ability of households to make payments on their home mortgages and other loans in the months ahead. This represents a potential crisis in mortgage markets, as borrowers who are temporarily unemployed—but for an unknown period—may face default on their mortgages.
Chicago Fed Letter , Issue 433

Journal Article
The 2007 HMDA data
Brevoort, Kenneth P.; Canner, Glenn B.; Avery, Robert B. (2008-12)
Federal Reserve Bulletin , Volume 94 , Issue Dec , Pages A107-A146

Working Paper
Determinants and consequences of mortgage default
Koijen, Ralph S. J.; Demyanyk, Yuliya; Hemert, Otto van (2010)
We study a unique data set of borrower-level credit information from TransUnion, one of the three major credit bureaus, which is linked to a database containing detailed information on the borrowers? mortgages. We find that the updated credit score is an important predictor of mortgage default in addition to the credit score at origination. However, the 6-month change in the credit score also predicts default: A positive change in the credit score significantly reduces the probability of delinquency or foreclosure. Next, we analyze the consequences of default on a borrower?s credit score. The ...
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 1019

Journal Article
House prices and subprime mortgage delinquencies
Krainer, John; Doms, Mark; Furlong, Frederick T. (2007)
In this Economic Letter, we explore how the pace of and change in house-price appreciation can affect the incentives and opportunities for borrowers in a market to avoid delinquencies and foreclosures. For instance, with likely gains in home equity in markets where house prices have risen significantly, a homeowner should have greater incentives and opportunities to keep a mortgage loan current. Indeed, we show that markets that recently experienced greater house-price appreciation tended to have lower delinquency rates and smaller increases in delinquency rates. We also find that ...
FRBSF Economic Letter

Working Paper
Your house or your credit card, which would you choose?: personal delinquency tradeoffs and precautionary liquidity motives
Cohen-Cole, Ethan; Morse, Jonathan (2009)
This paper finds strong evidence that many individuals choose to pay credit card bills even at the cost of mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures. While the popular press and some recent literature have suggested that this choice may emerge from steep declines in housing prices, we find evidence that individual-level liquidity concerns are at least as important in the decision. That is, choosing credit cards over housing suggests a precautionary liquidity preference. ; By linking the mortgage delinquency decisions to individual-level credit conditions, we are able to assess the compound ...
Supervisory Research and Analysis Working Papers , Paper QAU09-5

Working Paper
Who receives a mortgage modification? Race and income differentials in loan workouts
Reid, Carolina; Collins, J. Michael (2010)
Loan modifications offer one strategy to prevent mortgage foreclosures by lowering interest rates, extending loan terms and/or reducing principal balance owed. Yet we know very little about who receives loan modifications and/or the terms of the modification. This paper uses data from a sample of subprime loans made in 2005 to examine the incidence of loan modifications among borrowers in California, Oregon and Washington. The results suggest although loan modifications remain a rarely used option among the servicers in these data, there is no evidence that minority borrowers are less likely ...
Community Development Working Paper , Paper 2010-07

Speech
A look at fair lending through the lens of the new HMDA data: a speech before the Consumer Bankers Association 2005 Fair Lending Conference, Arlington, Virginia, November 7, 2005
Olson, Mark W. (2005)
Speech , Paper 139

Working Paper
Giving credit where credit is due? the Community Reinvestment Act and mortgage lending in lower-income neighborhoods
Bhutta, Neil (2008)
I identify and quantify the mortgage supply effect of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), a law mandating that banks help provide credit in lower-income neighborhoods, by exploiting a discontinuity in the selection rule determining which census tracts CRA targets. Using a comprehensive source of micro data on MSA mortgage applications, I find that CRA affects bank lending primarily in large MSA's, where banks are most scrutinized. The analysis indicates that CRA's effect on bank originations was about 4% between 1994 and 1996, and expanded to 8% in 1997-2002, consistent with the timing of a ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2008-61

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