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Working Paper
Has COVID Reversed Gentrification in Major U.S. Cities? An Empirical Examination of Residential Mobility in Gentrifying Neighborhoods During the COVID-19 Crisis
Ding, Lei; Hwang, Jackelyn (2022-08-17)
This paper examines whether neighborhoods that had been gentrifying lost their appeal during the pandemic because of COVID-induced health risks and increased work-from-home arrangements. By following the mobility pattern of residents in gentrifying neighborhoods in 39 major U.S. cities, we note a larger increase of 1.2 percentage points in the outmigration rate from gentrifying neighborhoods by the end of 2021, relative to nongentrifying ones, with out-of-city moves accounting for over 71 percent of the increased flight. The share of out-of-city moves into gentrifying neighborhoods also ...
Working Papers , Paper 22-20

Newsletter
Inequality in Skills and the Great Gatsby Curve
Mazumder, Bhashkar (2015-01)
This article presents evidence relating cross-country differences in intergenerational mobility to differences in inequality of skills.
Chicago Fed Letter , Issue Jan

Working Paper
The Geography of Travel Behavior in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Mangum, Kyle; Brinkman, Jeffrey (2020-09-28)
We use a panel of county-level location data derived from cellular devices in the U.S. to track travel behavior and its relationship with COVID-19 cases in the early stages of the outbreak. We find that travel activity dropped significantly as case counts rose locally. People traveled less overall, and they specifically avoided areas with relatively larger outbreaks, independent of government restrictions on mobility. The drop in activity limited exposure to out-of-county virus cases, which we show was important because such case exposure generated new cases inside a county. This suggests the ...
Working Papers , Paper 20-38

Working Paper
Intergenerational Health Mobility in the US
Mazumder, Bhashkar; Halliday, Toby; Wong, Ashley (2018-01-31)
Studies of intergenerational mobility have largely ignored health despite the central importance of health to welfare. We present the first estimates of intergenerational health mobility in the US by using repeated measures of self-reported health status (SRH) during adulthood from the PSID. Our main finding is that there is substantially greater health mobility than income mobility in the US. A possible explanation is that social institutions and policies are more effective at disrupting intergenerational health transmission than income transmission. We further show that health and income ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP-2018-2

Journal Article
Land of Opportunity: Economic Mobility in the United States
Romero, Jessica Sackett; Athreya, Kartik B. (2015-04)
Authors Jessie Romero and Kartik Athreya interpret data that suggest economic mobility has decreased in recent years. Many factors contribute to mobility, but for most people advancement depends on opportunities to obtain human capital---opportunities that are not as good for children in poor families. Initiatives that focus on early childhood education seem to yield high returns on investment. Their feasibility on a large scale is unknown, but they may have the potential to help the United States achieve a more inclusive prosperity.
Economic Quarterly , Issue 2Q , Pages 169-191

Report
Occupational Licensing and Occupational Mobility in New England
Jackson, Osborne (2023-12-01)
Occupational licensing—mandatory credentialing that allows a worker to practice a particular profession—varies greatly throughout New England and the United States in terms of which occupations require a license in a given state and the scope of the necessary qualifications. Given a growing share of US workers who are licensed, it is increasingly important to understand how these differences in licensing policy affect markets. Such knowledge can then be used to guide how occupational licensing regulations are structured. The research in this report shows that a labor market implication of ...
New England Public Policy Center Research Report , Paper 23-1

Working Paper
Locked In: Mobility, Market Tightness, and House Prices
Aladangady, Aditya; Krimmel, Jacob; Scharlemann, Tess C. (2025-05-15)
Rising interest rates in 2022 significantly increased moving costs for homeowners with low fixed-rate mortgages, leading to a sharp drop in mobility. After accounting for biases from selective refinancing, we find mortgage rate "lock in"– the decline in moves due to the rising gap between market rates and homeowners' fixed rates– explains 44 percent of the drop in mortgage borrower mobility from 2021 to 2022. This effect primarily reflects fewer local moves, with only modest impacts on moves across labor market areas. Consistent with a housing search model, we show that under certain ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2024-088r1

Newsletter
How does social distancing affect the spread of Covid-19 in the United States?
Mazumder, Bhashkar; Moorthy, Avinash (2020-06)
In recent weeks the country has begun to ease restrictions put in place to counter the Covid-19 pandemic. Consequently, it is important for policymakers and the public to understand the extent to which increasing levels of mobility among the population may lead to a rise in the spread of the disease.
Chicago Fed Letter , Issue 442

Working Paper
Locked In: Rate Hikes, Housing Markets, and Mobility
Aladangady, Aditya; Krimmel, Jacob; Scharlemann, Tess C. (2024-11-20)
Rising interest rates in 2022 introduced large moving costs for homeowners with low, fixed-rate mortgages. Using a novel dataset linking mortgage loans, consumer credit profiles, and property sales, we examine the effects of rate hikes on household mobility and the broader economic impacts of the resulting mortgage rate lock-in. As market rates rise relative to those on borrowers’ existing loans, likelihood of moving falls with the highest elasticity among borrowers just “in the money.” Our results suggest about 44% of the decline in moves among mortgage holders between 2021 and 2022 ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2024-088

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