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                                                                                    Working Paper
                                                                                
                                            Microstructure Invariance in U.S. Stock Market Trades
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                                                                    
                                                                                                    This paper studies invariance relationships in tick-by-tick transaction data in the U.S. stock market. Over the 1993?2001 period, the estimated monthly regression coefficients of the log of trade arrival rate on the log of trading activity have an almost constant value of 0.666, strikingly close to the value of 2/3 predicted by the invariance hypothesis. Over the 2001?14 period, the estimated coefficients rise, and their average value is equal to 0.79, suggesting that the reduction in tick size in 2001 and the subsequent increase in algorithmic trading resulted in a more intense order ...