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Discussion Paper
Follow That Money! How Global Banks Manage Liquidity Globally
Goldberg, Linda S.; Cetorelli, Nicola
(2012-08-29)
Banks increasingly move money around the world. Over the last thirty years, gross international claims of banks from all countries have grown ten-fold, reaching a peak of about $25 trillion in 2007 (see chart below). Such global banking flows have been much in the news recently, sometimes depicted as a key culprit of the transmission around the globe of the shocks following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, and more recently the European sovereign debt crisis. The discourse in the regulatory arena seems to share this sentiment, with a bias towards curbing some of the global banking activity ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20120829
Discussion Paper
A DSGE Perspective on Safety, Liquidity, and Low Interest Rates
Tambalotti, Andrea; Giannoni, Marc; Gupta, Abhi; Giannone, Domenico; Li, Pearl; Del Negro, Marco
(2018-02-07)
The preceding two posts in this series documented that interest rates on safe and liquid assets, such as U.S. Treasury securities, have declined significantly in the past twenty years. Of course, short-term interest rates in the United States are under the control of the Federal Reserve, at least in nominal terms. So it is legitimate to ask, To what extent is this decline driven by the Federal Reserve’s interest rate policy? This post addresses this question by coupling the results presented in the previous post with those obtained from an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium ...
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20180207
Report
Who Sees the Trades? The Effect of Information on Liquidity in Inter-Dealer Markets
Garratt, Rod; Martin, Antoine; Townsend, Robert M.; Lee, Michael Junho
(2019-07-01)
Dealers, who strategically supply liquidity to traders, are subject to both liquidity and adverse selection costs. While liquidity costs can be mitigated through inter-dealer trading, individual dealers? private motives to acquire information compromise inter-dealer market liquidity. Post-trade information disclosure can improve market liquidity by counteracting dealers? incentives to become better informed through their market-making activities. Asymmetric disclosure, however, exacerbates the adverse selection problem in inter-dealer markets, in turn decreasing equilibrium liquidity ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 892
Working Paper
Flights to Safety
Wei, Min; Inghelbrecht, Koen; Bekaert, Geert; Baele, Lieven
(2014-06-05)
Using only daily data on bond and stock returns, we identify and characterize flight to safety (FTS) episodes for 23 countries. On average, FTS days comprise less than 3% of the sample, and bond returns exceed equity returns by 2.5 to 4%. The majority of FTS events are country-specific not global. FTS episodes coincide with increases in the VIX and the Ted spread, decreases in consumer sentiment indicators and appreciations of the Yen, Swiss franc, and US dollar. The financial, basic materials and industrial industries under-perform in FTS episodes, but the telecom industry outperforms. Money ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2014-46
Discussion Paper
How Does the Liquidity of New Treasury Securities Evolve?
Fleming, Michael J.
(2020-08-26)
In a recent Liberty Street Economics post, we showed that the newly reintroduced 20-year bond trades less than other on-the-run Treasury securities and has similar liquidity to that of the more interest‑rate‑sensitive 30-year bond. Is it common for newly introduced securities to trade less and with higher transaction costs, and how does security trading behavior change over time? In this post, we look back at how liquidity evolved for earlier reintroductions of Treasury securities so as to gain insight into how liquidity might evolve for the new 20-year bond.
Liberty Street Economics
, Paper 20200826
Working Paper
Relative Liquidity and Future Volatility
Fryzlewicz, Piotr; Valenzuela, Marcela; Rheinlander, Thorsten; Zer, Ilknur
(2014-05-30)
The main contribution of this paper is to identify the strong predictive power of the relative concentration of depth provision, rather than volume of orders, over volatility. To this end, we propose a new measure, relative liquidity (RLIQ), which extracts information from a limit order book distribution and captures the level of consensus on a security's trading price. Higher liquidity provision farther away from the best quotes, relative to the rest of the book, is associated with a disagreement on the current price and followed by high volatility. The relationship is robust to the ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2014-45
Working Paper
Cheapest-to-Deliver Pricing, Optimal MBS Securitization, and Market Quality
Huh, Yesol; Kim, You Suk
(2021-05-06)
We study optimal securitization and its impact on market quality when the secondary market structure leads to cheapest-to-deliver pricing in the context of agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS). A majority of MBS are traded in the to-be-announced (TBA) market, which concentrates trading of heterogeneous MBS into a few liquid TBA contracts but induces adverse selection. We find that lenders segregate loans of like values into separate pools and tend to trade low-value MBS in the TBA market and high-value MBS outside the TBA market. We then present a model of optimal securitization for agency ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2021-031
Report
Federal Reserve tools for managing rates and reserves
Palida, Ali; McAndrews, James J.; Martin, Antoine; Skeie, David R.
(2013-09-01)
The Federal Reserve announced in January 2019 that it would maintain an ample supply of reserves amid its balance sheet reduction. We model the impact of reserves on banks’ liquidity and balance sheet costs. In competitive general equilibrium, the optimal supply of reserves equates bank deposit rates to the interest rate paid on excess reserves (IOER), consistent with ample reserves. Raising the Fed’s overnight reverse repo rate up to IOER would increase liquidity, expediently reduce the overabundance of reserves, and stabilize the volatility of overnight market rates. Empirical analysis ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 642
Working Paper
Credit and Liquidity Policies during Large Crises
Ebsim, Mahdi; Faria-e-Castro, Miguel; Kozlowski, Julian
(2021-09-10)
We study the evolution of firm financials during two large crises: the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 pandemic. While the two crises featured similar increases in corporate spreads, corporate debt and liquid asset holdings moved in opposite directions. The micro-data reveal that firm leverage was a more important predictor of firm-level credit spreads and investment during the GFC, but that firm funding liquidity was more important during the pandemic. We augment a dynamic model of firm capital structure with an explicit motive to hold liquid assets, and calibrate it to match ...
Working Papers
, Paper 2020-035
Working Paper
Liquidity and Investment in General Equilibrium
Caramp, Nicolas; Teeple, Keisuke; Kozlowski, Julian
(2022-09-15)
This paper studies the implications of trading frictions in financial markets for firms' investment and dividend choices and their aggregate consequences. When equity shares trade in frictional asset markets, the firm's problem is time-inconsistent, and it is as if it faces quasi-hyperbolic discounting. The transmission of trading frictions to the real economy crucially depends on the firms' ability to commit. In a calibrated economy without commitment, larger trading frictions imply lower capital and production. In contrast, if firms can commit, trading frictions affect asset prices but have ...
Working Papers
, Paper 2022-022
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liability 1 items
limit order book 1 items
limit order book distribution 1 items
limited commitment 1 items
limits to arbitrage 1 items
loan modification 1 items
lower bound 1 items
macroprudential regulations 1 items
market 1 items
market crashes 1 items
market making 1 items
market microstructure 1 items
medium of exchange 1 items
monetary services index 1 items
money market funds 1 items
money market mutual funds 1 items
money markets 1 items
money multiplier 1 items
money shortage 1 items
money supply 1 items
mortgage forbearance 1 items
mortgage-backed securities (MBS) 1 items
mortgage-backed securities (MBS) market 1 items
natural rate of interest 1 items
network analysis 1 items
networks 1 items
nonbanks 1 items
on-the-run 1 items
open end funds 1 items
operations 1 items
order book 1 items
organizations 1 items
over-the-counter financial market 1 items
over-the-counter markets 1 items
overinvestment 1 items
overnight reverse repo (ON RRP) facility 1 items
overnight reverse repurchases 1 items
participants 1 items
payment systems 1 items
payouts 1 items
platforms 1 items
policy rate 1 items
policy trilemma 1 items
positions 1 items
post-2008 regulation 1 items
preemptive 1 items
preemptive runs 1 items
prepayment 1 items
prime brokerage 1 items
product market cooperation 1 items
programs 1 items
purchases 1 items
quantitative easing (QE) 1 items
r* 1 items
racial segregation 1 items
recovery 1 items
rediscounting 1 items
redlining 1 items
reintroduction 1 items
relationship lending 1 items
repo contracts 1 items
reservation rate 1 items
reserve 1 items
reserve asset 1 items
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