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Working Paper
The Effects of Wildfire and Distant Air Pollution on Household Financial Well-Being
An, Xudong; Gabriel, Stuart A.; Tzur-Ilan, Nitzan (2026-01-15)
While exposure to wildfire smoke is adverse to human health, little is known about related impacts on household economics. In this paper, we link granular wildfire burn, smoke plume, air pollution, and consumer credit data to estimate the impact of extreme wildfire and related dispersed air pollution effects on consumer financial health. We find material effects including increased credit card and personal loan delinquencies among households distant from the burn perimeter but exposed to high levels of pollution. Further analysis of confidential supervisory data reveals elevated spending and ...
Working Papers , Paper 26-02

Working Paper
Indian Residential Schools, Height, and Body Mass Post-1930
Feir, Donna; Auld, Chris (2019-08-16)
We study the effects of Canadian Indian residential schooling on two anthropometric measures of health during childhood: adult height and body weight. We use repeated cross sectional data from the 1991 and 2001 Aboriginal Peoples Survey and leverage detailed historical data on school closures and location to make causal inferences. We ?nd evidence that, on average, residential schooling increases adult height and the likelihood of a healthy adult body weight for those who attended. These effects are concentrated after the 1950s when the schools were subject to tighter health regulations and ...
Center for Indian Country Development series , Paper 3-2019

Working Paper
The Evolution of Health over the Life Cycle
Hosseini, Roozbeh; Kopecky, Karen A.; Zhao, Kai (2019-06-01)
We construct a unified objective measure of health status: the frailty index, defined as the cumulative sum of all adverse health indicators observed for an individual. First, we show that the frailty index has several advantages over self-reported health status, particularly when studying health dynamics. Then we estimate a stochastic process for frailty dynamics over the life cycle. We find that the autocovariance structure of frailty in panel data strongly supports a process that allows the conditional variance of frailty shocks to increase with age. Our frailty measure and dynamic process ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2019-12

Working Paper
The Impact of Car Pollution on Infant and Child Health: Evidence from Emissions Cheating
Alexander, Diane; Schwandt, Hannes (2019-06-13)
Car exhaust is a major source of air pollution, but little is known about its impacts on population health. We exploit the dispersion of emissions-cheating diesel cars?which secretly polluted up to 150 times as much as gasoline cars?across the United States from 2008-2015 as a natural experiment to measure the health impact of car pollution. Using the universe of vehicle registrations, we demonstrate that a 10 percent cheating-induced increase in car exhaust increases rates of low birth weight and acute asthma attacks among children by 1.9 and 8.0 percent, respectively. These health impacts ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP-2019-4

Working Paper
Delayed Collection of Unemployment Insurance in Recessions
Xie, Zoe (2019-06-01)
Using variations in unemployment insurance policies over time and across U.S. states, this paper provides evidence that allowing unemployed workers to delay the collection of benefits increases their job-finding rate. In a model with discrete job take-up decisions, benefit entitlement, wage-indexed benefits, and heterogeneous job types, I demonstrate that the policy can increase an unemployed worker's willingness to work, even though more benefits in general reduce the relative value of employment. In a calibrated quantitative model, I find that allowing delayed benefit collection increases ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2019-14

Report
The empirical content of models with multiple equilibria in economies with social interactions
Moro, Andrea; Bisin, Alberto; Topa, Giorgio (2011)
We study a general class of models with social interactions that might display multiple equilibria. We propose an estimation procedure for these models and evaluate its efficiency and computational feasibility relative to different approaches taken to the curse of dimensionality implied by the multiplicity. Using data on smoking among teenagers, we implement the proposed estimation procedure to understand how group interactions affect health-related choices. We find that interaction effects are strong both at the school level and at the smaller friends-network level. Multiplicity of ...
Staff Reports , Paper 504

Working Paper
Inequality and Mortality: New Evidence from U.S. County Panel Data
Daly, Mary C.; Wilson, Daniel J. (2013-05-01)
A large body of past research, looking across countries, states, and metropolitan areas, has found positive and statistically significant associations between income inequality and mortality. By contrast, in recent years more robust statistical methods using larger and richer data sources have generally pointed to little or no relationship between inequality and mortality. This paper aims both to document how methodological shortcomings tend to positively bias this statistical association and to advance this literature by estimating the inequality-mortality relationship. We use a ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2013-13

Journal Article
Community-based strategies for improving health and well-being
Cytron, Naomi (2010-10)
This article looks at two initiatives that are taking a local approach to interweave health promotion and community development efforts. These models utilize community-based strategies to improve health outcomes as well as educational, economic, and social outcomes. The first model is Elev8, a national initiative that integrates a range of health and social services into middle-school sites. The second is the Alameda County Public Health Department?s community based approach to addressing health inequities in low-income communities.
Community Investments , Volume 22 , Issue Fall

Discussion Paper
Understanding the Racial and Income Gap in Covid-19: Health Insurance, Comorbidities, and Medical Facilities
Avtar, Ruchi; Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Pinkovskiy, Maxim L. (2021-01-12)
Our previous work documents that low-income and majority-minority areas were considerably more affected by COVID-19, as captured by markedly higher case and death rates. In a four-part series starting with this post, we seek to understand the reasons behind these income and racial disparities. Do disparities in health status translate into disparities in COVID-19 intensity? Does the health system play a role through health insurance and hospital capacity? Can disparities in COVID-19 intensity be explained by high-density, crowded environments? Does social distancing, pollution, or the age ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20210112a

Do Workforce Barriers Differ among Eighth District States?
Kent, Ana Hernández (2025-07-08)
An analysis of census data among Eighth District states finds that the main reasons given by adults for their inability to join the workforce differed by geography.
On the Economy

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