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                                                                                    Discussion Paper
                                                                                
                                            Do Bank Shocks Affect Aggregate Investment?
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                                                                    
                                                                                                    Traditionally, we have thought of the fates of specific banks as perhaps symptomatic of problems in the financial market but not as causal determinants of fluctuations in aggregate investment and other real economic activity. However, the high level of bank concentration in much of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) means that large amounts of lending are channeled through a small number of institutions that are no longer small even in comparison to the largest economies. Consequently, problems in a few large institutions could potentially have a large impact on ...
                                                                                                
                                            
                                                                                
                                    
                                                                                    Working Paper
                                                                                
                                            Estimating National Weather Effects from the Ground Up
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                                                                    
                                                                                                    Understanding the effects of weather on macroeconomic data is critically important, but it is hampered by limited time series observations. Utilizing geographically granular panel data leverages greater observations but introduces a “missing intercept” problem: “global” (e.g., nationwide spillovers and GE) effects are absorbed by time fixed effects. Standard solutions are infeasible when the number of global regressors is large. To overcome these problems and estimate granular, global, and total weather effects, we implement a two-step approach utilizing machine learning techniques. ...