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Working Paper
Monetary Policy Options at the Effective Lower Bound : Assessing the Federal Reserve's Current Policy Toolkit
Gagnon, Etienne; Vilan, Diego; Trevino, James; Chung, Hess T.; Nakata, Taisuke; Paustian, Matthias; Zheng, Wei; Schlusche, Bernd (2019-02-01)
We simulate the FRB/US model and a number of statistical models to quantify some of the risks stemming from the effective lower bound (ELB) on the federal funds rate and to assess the efficacy of adjustments to the federal funds rate target, balance sheet policies, and forward guidance to provide monetary policy accommodation in the event of a recession. Over the next decade, our simulations imply a roughly 20 to 50 percent probability that the federal funds rate will be constrained by the ELB at some point. We also find that forward guidance and balance sheet polices of the kinds used in ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2019-003

Working Paper
Monetary Policy and Economic Performance since the Financial Crisis
Gagnon, Etienne; Caldara, Dario; Martínez García, Enrique; Neely, Christopher J. (2020-08)
We review macroeconomic performance over the period since the Global Financial Crisis and the challenges in the pursuit of the Federal Reserve’s dual mandate. We characterize the use of forward guidance and balance sheet policies after the federal funds rate reached the effective lower bound. We also review the evidence on the efficacy of these tools and consider whether policymakers might have used them more forcefully. Finally, we examine the post-crisis experience of other major central banks with these policy tools.
Working Papers , Paper 2020-026

Working Paper
Delphic and Odyssean Monetary Policy Shocks: Evidence from the Euro Area
Ferroni, Filippo; Andrade, Philippe (2018-07-26)
We use financial intraday data to identify monetary policy surprises in the euro area. We find that monetary policy statements and press conferences after European Central Bank (ECB) Governing Council meetings convey information that moves the yield curve far out. Moreover, the nature of the information revealed in a narrow window around these statements and press conferences evolved over time. Until 2013, unexpected variations in future interest rates were positively correlated with the changes in market-based measure of inflation expectations consistent with news on future macroeconomic ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP-2018-12

Speech
Remarks at the 42nd Annual Central Banking Seminar, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York City
Williams, John C. (2018-10-01)
Remarks at the 42nd Annual Central Banking Seminar, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York City.
Speech , Paper 293

Working Paper
Monetary Policy Uncertainty and Economic Fluctuations at the Zero Lower Bound
Doehr, Rachel; Martinez-Garcia, Enrique (2021-11-11)
We propose a TVP-VAR with stochastic volatility for the unemployment rate, core inflation and the federal funds rate augmented with survey-based interest rate expectations and uncertainty and a FAVAR with a wider set of observable variables and alternative monetary policy measures in order to explore U.S. monetary policy, accounting for the zero lower bound. We find that a rise in monetary policy uncertainty increases unemployment and lowers core inflation; the effects on unemployment in particular are robust (a gradual 0.4 percentage point increase), lasting more than two years after the ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 412

Newsletter
Past and Future Effects of the Recent Monetary Policy Tightening
D'Amico, Stefania; King, Thomas B. (2023-09)
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has raised short-term interest rates over 500 basis points since early last year, but it recently slowed the pace of policy tightening and some participants have signaled that the current tightening cycle might be nearing its end. In making the decision to stop raising rates, an important consideration will be the extent to which the actions already taken by the Committee have yet to feed through to the economy. On the one hand, if substantial effects of past policy tightening are yet to come, that would argue for an earlier end to rate increases, all ...
Chicago Fed Letter , Volume no 483 , Pages 6

Working Paper
Forward Guidance and Its Effectiveness: A Macro Finance Shadow-Rate Framework
Koeda, Junko; Wei, Bin (2023-10-16)
Forward guidance provides monetary policy communication for an economy at the effective lower bound (ELB). In this paper, we consider both calendar- and outcome-based forward guidance about the timing of liftoff. We develop a novel macro-finance shadow rate term structure model by introducing unspanned macro factors and an outcome-based liftoff condition. We estimate the model using the maximum likelihood method with extended Kalman filter. Based on the estimation results, we show that outcome-based forward guidance is indeed effective and has significant monetary-easing effects on the real ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2023-16

Journal Article
Monetary Policy Stance Is Tighter than Federal Funds Rate
Choi, Jason; Doh, Taeyoung; Foerster, Andrew; Martinez, Zinnia (2022-11-07)
The Federal Reserve’s use of forward guidance and balance sheet policy means that monetary policy consists of more than changing the federal funds rate target. A proxy federal funds rate that incorporates data from financial markets can help assess the broader stance of monetary policy. This proxy measure shows that, since late 2021, monetary policy has been substantially tighter than the federal funds rate indicates. Tightening financial conditions are similar to what would be expected if the funds rate had exceeded 5¼% by September 2022.
FRBSF Economic Letter , Volume 2022 , Issue 30 , Pages 5

Working Paper
Monetary Policy and Economic Performance since the Financial Crisis
Caldara, Dario; Gagnon, Etienne; Martinez-Garcia, Enrique; Neely, Christopher J. (2020-08-27)
We review macroeconomic performance over the period since the Global Financial Crisis and the challenges in the pursuit of the Federal Reserve’s dual mandate. We characterize the use of forward guidance and balance sheet policies after the federal funds rate reached the effective lower bound. We also review the evidence on the efficacy of these tools and consider whether policymakers might have used them more forcefully. Finally, we examine the post-crisis experience of other major central banks with these policy tools.
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2020-065

Speech
'Normal' monetary policy in words and deeds: remarks at Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs, New York City
Williams, John C. (2018-09-28)
Remarks at Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs, New York City.
Speech , Paper 292

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