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Speech
Remarks on the Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy
Musalem, Alberto G. (2025-03-03)
St. Louis Fed President Alberto Musalem shared his views on the U.S. economy and monetary policy at the 41st annual National Association for Business Economics (NABE) Economic Policy Conference in Washington, D.C. He gave a speech, “Remarks on the Economic Outlook and Monetary Policy,” and participated in a moderated Q&A.
Speech

Discussion Paper
Changing Risk-Return Profiles
Crump, Richard K.; Hundtofte , Sean; Giannone, Domenico (2018-10-04)
Are stock returns predictable? This question is a perennially popular subject of debate. In this post, we highlight some results from our recent working paper, where we investigate the matter. Rather than focusing on a single object like the forecasted mean or median, we look at the entire distribution of stock returns and find that the realized volatility of stock returns, especially financial sector stock returns, has strong predictive content for the future distribution of stock returns. This is a robust feature of the data since all of our results are obtained with real-time analyses ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20181004

Newsletter
Introducing the Chicago Fed’s New Adjusted National Financial Conditions Index
Brave, Scott A.; Kelly, David L. (2017)
This article introduces improvements to the adjusted National Financial Conditions Index (ANFCI). Compared with the previous version, the new ANFCI uses an enhanced estimation procedure with a broader set of macroeconomic adjustment variables and produces a longer time series history.
Chicago Fed Letter

Speech
Monetary Policy in Times of Financial Stress
Evans, Charles L. (2008-03-26)
Remarks by Charles L. Evans President and Chief Executive Officer, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago New York Association for Business Economics Harvard Club New York, New York
Speech , Paper 17

Working Paper
Corporate Bond Market Distress
Boyarchenko, Nina; Crump, Richard K.; Kovner, Anna; Shachar, Or (2024-09)
We link bond market functioning to future economic activity through a new measure, the Corporate Bond Market Distress Index (CMDI). The CMDI coalesces metrics from primary and secondary markets in real time, offering a unified measure to capture access to debt capital markets. The index correctly identifies periods of distress and predicts future realizations of commonly used measures of market functioning, while the converse is not the case. We show that disruptions in access to corporate bond markets have an economically material, statistically significant impact on the real economy, even ...
Working Paper , Paper 24-09

Working Paper
The Macroeconomic Impact of Financial and Uncertainty Shocks
Caldara, Dario; Zakrajšek, Egon; Gilchrist, Simon; Fuentes-Albero, Cristina (2016-05)
The extraordinary events surrounding the Great Recession have cast a considerable doubt on the traditional sources of macroeconomic instability. In their place, economists have singled out financial and uncertainty shocks as potentially important drivers of economic fluctuations. Empirically distinguishing between these two types of shocks, however, is difficult because increases in economic uncertainty are strongly associated with a widening of credit spreads, an indication of a tightening in financial conditions. This paper uses the penalty function approach within the SVAR framework to ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1166

Working Paper
The Financial Market Effects of Unwinding the Federal Reserve’s Balance Sheet
Valcarcel, Victor J.; Smith, Andrew Lee (2021-01-04)
For the second time in the brief 12-year period between 2008 and 2020, central banks have once again turned to asset purchase programs to combat a global economic downturn. While balance sheet expansions have become familiar, balance sheet normalization has proven more elusive. Nevertheless, an understanding of the consequences of unwinding asset purchases is necessary for well-informed decisions over the deployment of these unconventional policy tools. This paper provides a first analysis of the financial market effects of balance sheet normalization based on the U.S. experience between 2017 ...
Research Working Paper , Paper RWP 20-23

Report
Monetary policy and financial conditions: a cross-country study
Grinberg, Federico; Duarte, Fernando M.; Mancini-Griffoli, Tommaso; Adrian, Tobias (2019-06-01)
Loose financial conditions forecast high output growth and low output volatility up to six quarters into the future, generating time-varying downside risk to the output gap, which we measure by GDP-at-Risk (GaR). This finding is robust across countries, conditioning variables, and time periods. We study the implications for monetary policy in a reduced-form New Keynesian model with financial intermediaries that are subject to a Value at Risk (VaR) constraint. Optimal monetary policy depends on the magnitude of downside risk to GDP, as it impacts the consumption-savings decision via the Euler ...
Staff Reports , Paper 890

Speech
Rising to the Challenge: Central Banking, Financial Markets, and the Pandemic
Williams, John C. (2020-07-16)
Remarks at the 16th Meeting of the Financial Research Advisory Committee for the Treasury’s Office of Financial Research (delivered via videoconference).
Speech

Report
The Federal Reserve and market confidence
Boyarchenko, Nina; Haddad, Valentin; Plosser, Matthew (2016-04-01)
We discover a novel monetary policy shock that has a widespread impact on aggregate financial conditions and market confidence. Our shock can be summarized by the response of long-horizon yields to Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcements; not only is it orthogonal to changes in the near-term path of policy rates, but it also explains more than half of the abnormal variation in the yield curve on announcement days. We find that our shock is positively related to changes in real interest rates and market volatility, and negatively related to market returns and mortgage issuance, ...
Staff Reports , Paper 773

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