Essay
Gender and Racial Disparities in Student Loan Debt
Kent, Ana Hernández; Addo, Fenaba R. (2022-11-10)
Student debt isn’t equally distributed among young adults, particularly Black adults and women, who are more likely to have loans and take longer to pay them down.
Economic Equity Insights

Journal Article
Falling College Wage Premiums by Race and Ethnicity
Bengali, Leila; Sander, Marcus; Valletta, Robert G.; Zhao, Cindy (2023-08-28)
Workers with a college degree typically earn substantially more than workers with less education. This so-called college wage premium increased for several decades, but it has been flat to down in recent years and declined notably since the pandemic. Analysis indicates that this reflects an acceleration of wage gains for high school graduates rather than a slowdown for college graduates. This pattern is most evident for workers in racial and ethnic groups other than White, possibly reflecting an unusually tight labor market that may have altered their college attendance decisions.
FRBSF Economic Letter , Volume 2023 , Issue 22 , Pages 6

COVID-19 Disruptions by Race, Ethnicity and Geography: An Update
Gutkowski, Violeta A. (2022-07-21)
In 2021, low- to moderate-income (LMI) communities of color were still more likely to report disruptions than LMI communities that were primarily white.
On the Economy

Journal Article
Hit Harder, Recover Slower? Unequal Employment Effects of the COVID-19 Shock
Lee, Sang Yoon (Tim); Park, Minsung; Shin, Yongseok (2021-10-18)
The destructive economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was distributed unequally across the population. A worker's gender, race and ethnicity, age, education, industry, and occupation all mattered. We analyze the initial negative effect and its lingering effect through the recovery phase, across demographic and socioeconomic groups. The initial negative impact on employment was larger for women, minorities, the less educated, and the young whether or not we account for the industries and occupations they worked in. By February 2021, however, the differential effects across groups had gotten ...
Review , Volume 103 , Issue 4 , Pages 367-383

Journal Article
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to COVID-19 Relief
Gutkowski, Violeta A. (2022-07-26)
Unequal access to relief programs may help explain why LMI communities of color were more likely to report pandemic-related disruptions than white LMI communities.
Economic Synopses

Older Millennials Experience Pandemic Hardships Unequally
Ricketts, Lowell R.; Kent, Ana Hernández (2021-07-06)
For those born in the 1980s, hardships during COVID-19 can vary greater because of one’s race, ethnicity or educational attainment.
On the Economy