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Journal Article
Electric Vehicles, Potholes, and Taxes: Who Pays the Price?
Burns, Kalee; Hotchkiss, Julie L. (2023-07-11)
Automobile manufacturers and even some states have ambitious goals to phase out gas-powered cars. Currently, a primary source of automobile infrastructure funding is gasoline taxes. But as electric vehicles replace gasoline-powered cars, less gasoline will be purchased and revenues from the gasoline tax will fall short of what is needed to maintain roads. Consumers who do not purchase electric vehicles—perhaps because they can't afford them—are left to bear the burden of the gasoline tax. This Policy Hub article illustrates the inherent regressivity of the gasoline tax and then simulates ...
Policy Hub , Volume 2023 , Issue 4

Conference Paper
General discussion: balancing growth with equity: the view from development
Belka, Marek (2011)
Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole

Working Paper
The macroeconomics of firms' savings
Hnatkovska, Viktoria; Armenter, Roc (2011)
The authors document that the U.S. non-financial corporate sector became a net lender in the 2000s, using aggregate and firm-level data. They develop a structural model with investment, debt, and equity. Debt is fiscally advantageous but subject to a no-default borrowing constraint. Equity allows the firm to suspend dividends when the cash flow is negative. Firms accumulate financial assets for precautionary reasons, yet value equity as partial insurance against shocks. The calibrated model replicates the prevalence of net savings in the period 2000-2007 and attributes the rise in corporate ...
Working Papers , Paper 12-1

Report
Vesting and control in venture capital contracts
Skeie, David R. (2007)
Vesting of equity payments to an entrepreneur, which is a form of time-contingent compensation, is very common in venture capital contracts. Empirical research suggests that vesting is used to help overcome asymmetric information and agency problems. We show in a theoretical model that vesting equity to an entrepreneur over a long period of time acts as a screening device against a bad entrepreneur type. But incomplete contracts due to hold-up by the venture capitalist imply that equity compensation, in the form of either short-term or long-term vesting, cannot provide standard contractible ...
Staff Reports , Paper 297

Working Paper
Are Friends of Schools the Enemies of Equity? The Interplay of Public School Funding Policies and Private External Fundraising
Barrow, Lisa; Sartain, Lauren; Komisarow, Sarah (2023-08)
School districts across the U.S. have adopted funding policies designed to distribute resources more equitably across schools. However, schools are also increasing external fundraising efforts to supplement district budget allocations. We document the interaction between funding policies and fundraising efforts in Chicago Public Schools (CPS). We find that adoption of a weighted-student funding policy successfully reallocated more dollars to schools with high shares of students eligible for free/reduced-price (FRL) lunch, creating a policy-induced per-pupil expenditure gap. Further, almost ...
Working Paper Series , Paper WP 2023-31

Working Paper
The Economic Gains from Equity
Buckman, Shelby R.; Choi, Laura; Daly, Mary C.; Seitelman, Lily (2021-04-07)
How much is inequity costing us? Using a simple growth accounting framework we apply standard shift-share techniques to data from the Current Population Survey (1990-2019) to compute the aggregate economic costs of persistent educational and labor market disparities by gender and race. We find significant economic losses associated with these gaps. Building on this finding, we consider which disparities generate the largest costs, paying specific attention to differences in employment, hours worked, educational attainment, educational utilization, and occupational allocation. We also examine ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2021-11

Conference Paper
Balancing growth with equity: the view from development
Duflo, Esther (2011)
Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole

Conference Paper
Commentary: balancing growth with equity: the view from development
Murphy, Kevin M. (2011)
Proceedings - Economic Policy Symposium - Jackson Hole

Journal Article
Banking on Basel : an alternative for capital requirements
Robinson, Kenneth J.; Killgo, Kory A. (2006-07)
Equity capital represents a bank?s net worth?the difference between its assets and liabilities. Put another way, it?s the value of assets financed by the bank?s owners, rather than depositors or other sources of funds. Capital serves as a buffer to absorb losses and prevent failures and figures prominently in the banking industry?s ability to lend.
Southwest Economy , Issue Jul , Pages 11-13, 16

Speech
Basel and the wider financial stability agenda
Dudley, William (2010)
Remarks at the 2010 Institute of International Finance Annual Membership Meeting, Washington, D.C.
Speech , Paper 31

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