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Journal Article
Falling College Wage Premiums by Race and Ethnicity
Bengali, Leila; Sander, Marcus; Valletta, Robert G.; Zhao, Cindy (2023-08-28)
Workers with a college degree typically earn substantially more than workers with less education. This so-called college wage premium increased for several decades, but it has been flat to down in recent years and declined notably since the pandemic. Analysis indicates that this reflects an acceleration of wage gains for high school graduates rather than a slowdown for college graduates. This pattern is most evident for workers in racial and ethnic groups other than White, possibly reflecting an unusually tight labor market that may have altered their college attendance decisions.
FRBSF Economic Letter , Volume 2023 , Issue 22 , Pages 6

Speech
Toward a More Inclusive Economy
Mester, Loretta J. (2020-09-28)
It is clear that the adverse effects of the pandemic have not been evenly distributed. They have been borne by the most vulnerable in our economy: lower-income and minority workers and communities; those who do not have the opportunity to work from home; those who do not live in areas with reliable telecommunications and internet services or access to adequate healthcare; and the smaller of small businesses. Indeed, the results from a recent Fed survey show that between March and July, a larger percentage of low-income workers, less educated workers, and Black and Hispanic workers were laid ...
Speech

Discussion Paper
Inequality in U.S. Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity
Haughwout, Andrew F.; Lee, Donghoon; Scally, Joelle; Van der Klaauw, Wilbert (2020-07-08)
Homeownership has historically been an important means for Americans to accumulate wealth—in fact, at more than $15 trillion, housing equity accounts for 16 percent of total U.S. household wealth. Consequently, the U.S. homeownership cycle has triggered large swings in Americans’ net worth over the past twenty-five years. However, the nature of those swings has varied significantly by race and ethnicity, with different demographic groups tracing distinct trajectories through the housing boom, the foreclosure crisis, and the subsequent recovery. Here, we look into the dynamics underlying ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200708a

Discussion Paper
Who Has Been Evicted and Why?
Haughwout, Andrew F.; Zhang, Xiaohan; Liu, Haoyang (2020-07-08)
More than two million American households are at risk of eviction every year. Evictions have been found to cause prolonged homelessness, worsened health conditions, and lack of credit access. During the COVID-19 outbreak, governments at all levels implemented eviction moratoriums to keep renters in their homes. As these moratoriums and enhanced income supports for unemployed workers come to an end, the possibility of a wave of evictions in the second half of the year is drawing increased attention. Despite the importance of evictions and related policies, very few economic studies have been ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200708b

Journal Article
From Gaps to Growth: Equity as a Path to Prosperity
Daly, Mary C. (2021-10-04)
The pandemic has shined a vivid light on the deep roots of economic inequity, showing that the rules are not the same for everyone. Persistent, unfair gaps in opportunity and well-being across different groups in our society limit people’s potential. Eliminating these inequities could substantially boost GDP and increase the economy’s long-run rate of growth, leading to greater prosperity for all.
FRBSF Economic Letter , Volume 2021 , Issue 26 , Pages 01-07

Hearing from Diverse Voices on Policy Issues
Aaronson, Stephanie (2023-07-03)
Stephanie Aaronson, who oversees the forecast of the U.S. economy produced for the Federal Open Market Committee, discusses the importance of having diverse perspectives on policy issues.
On the Economy

Speech
The evolving first line of defense: keynote address at the 1LoD Summit, New York City
Held, Michael (2018-04-17)
Keynote address at the 1LoD Summit, New York City.
Speech , Paper 278

Journal Article
Racial Differences in Returns on Business Ownership
Hager, Jacob; Kaymak, Barış (2023-02-06)
In this Commentary, we document entrepreneurial income and investments for households of different racial backgrounds and provide estimates of investment yields. We find that an average Black household engaged in entrepreneurial activity has a higher rate of return on its business followed by Hispanic households and white households, a circumstance which makes low entrepreneurship rates among Black and Hispanic communities appear all the more puzzling.
Economic Commentary , Volume 2023 , Issue 03 , Pages 6

Discussion Paper
Which Workers Bear the Burden of Social Distancing Policies?
http://fedora:8080/fcrepo/rest/objects/authors/; Pilossoph, Laura; Mongey, Simon (2020-05-29)
In the wake of the coronavirus outbreak, nearly all U.S. states imposed social distancing policies to combat the spread of illness. To the extent that work can be done from home, some workers moved their offices to their abodes. Others, however, are unable to continue working as their usual tasks require a specific location or environment, or involve close proximity to others. Which types of jobs cannot be done from home and which types of jobs require close personal proximity to others? What share of overall U.S. employment falls in these categories? And, given that these jobs will be the ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200529b

Working Paper
A Comment on 'Wealth Inequality and Endogenous Growth' by Byoungchan Lee
Gu, Shijun; Jia, Chengcheng (2022-10-17)
How does wealth inequality affect economic growth? Byoungchan Lee answers this question by developing a heterogeneous-agent model and augmenting it with endogenous firm innovation. The novel channel is that rising wealth concentration reduces aggregate demand, which gives firms a disincentive to spend on R&D and therefore leads to slower productivity growth. In this discussion, we first explain the difference in calibration strategy between Lee’s approach and the common approach in the literature, and then discuss its quantitative implications for the effect of rising inequality on ...
Working Papers , Paper 22-26

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