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Journal Article
The cost of unanticipated household finance shocks : two examples
Neelakantan, Urvi; Athreya, Kartik B. (2011-10)
This article presents two simple calculations aimed at providing a first step in quantifying the costs of unanticipated financial shocks to a household. The two types of shocks considered are (1) an unanticipated drop in net worth and (2) an unexpected increase in the interest rate on borrowing. The shocks are faced by households in a life-cycle consumption-savings model and the costs are measured in terms of annual consumption. In general, for empirically plausible shocks, the results show that net worth shocks are substantially costlier than interest rate shocks. The costs of the shocks ...
Economic Quarterly , Volume 97 , Issue 4Q , Pages 431-450

Working Paper
Loan guarantees for consumer credit markets
Athreya, Kartik B.; Tam, Xuan S.; Young, Eric (2011)
Loan guarantees are arguably the most widely used policy intervention in credit markets, especially for consumers. This may be natural, as they have several features that, a priori, suggest that they might be particularly effective in improving allocations. However, despite this, little is actually known about the size of their effects on prices, allocations, and welfare. ; In this paper, we provide a quantitative assessment of loan guarantees, in the context of unsecured consumption loans. Our work is novel as it studies loan guarantees in a rich dynamic model where credit allocation is ...
Working Paper , Paper 11-06

Journal Article
Bankers, regulators absorb lessons of Silicon Valley Bank failure as new tests emerge
Orrenius, Pia M. (2023-09-29)
Ben Munyan, director of supervisory policy in the Banking Supervision Department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, discusses the challenges the banking industry faces in an era of rapidly rising interest rates and how Texas institutions have fared.
Southwest Economy

Journal Article
Changes in U.S. family finances from 2007 to 2010: evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances
Kennickell, Arthur B.; Bricker, Jesse; Moore, Kevin B.; Sabelhaus, John Edward (2012-06)
The Federal Reserve Board's Survey of Consumer Finances for 2010 provides insights into changes in family income and net worth since the 2007 survey. The survey shows that, over the 2007?10 period, the median value of real (inflation-adjusted) family income before taxes fell 7.7 percent, while mean income fell more sharply, an 11.1 percent decline. Both median and mean net worth decreased even more dramatically than income over this period, though the relative movements in the median and the mean are reversed; the median fell 38.8 percent, and the mean fell 14.7 percent. This article reviews ...
Federal Reserve Bulletin , Volume 98 , Issue June , Pages 1-80

Briefing
How Risky Are Young Borrowers?
Romero, Jessica Sackett; Ghent, Andra C.; Debbaut, Peter; Kudlyak, Marianna (2013-12)
Young borrowers are conventionally considered the most prone to making financial mistakes. This has spurred efforts to limit their access to credit, particularly via credit cards. Recent research suggests, however, that young borrowers are actually among the least likely to experience a serious credit card default. One reason why people obtain credit cards early in life may be to build a strong credit history.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief , Issue Dec

Working Paper
Targeted business incentives and the debt behavior of households
Millimet, Daniel; Di, Wenhua (2016-01-01)
The empirical effects of place-based tax incentive schemes designed to aid low-income communities are unclear. While a growing number of studies find beneficial effects on employment, there is little investigation into other behaviors of households affected by such programs. We analyze the impact of the Texas Enterprise Zone Program on household debt and delinquency. Specifically, we utilize detailed information on all household liabilities, delinquencies, and credit scores from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Consumer Credit Panel/Equifax, a quarterly longitudinal 5% random sample of ...
Working Papers , Paper 1602

Discussion Paper
How and Why Do Consumers Use “Buy Now, Pay Later”?
Aidala, Felix; Mangrum, Daniel; Van der Klaauw, Wilbert (2024-02-14)
In a previous post, we highlighted that financially fragile households are disproportionately likely to use “buy now, pay later” (BNPL) payment plans. In this post, we shed further light on BNPL’s place in its users’ household finances, with a particular focus on how use varies by a household’s level of financial fragility. Our results reveal substantially different use patterns, as more-fragile households tend to use the service to make frequent, relatively small, purchases that they might have trouble affording otherwise. In contrast, financially stable households tend to not use ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20240214

Briefing
Deterring default: why some state laws decrease the probability of mortgage foreclosures
Ghent, Andra C.; Slivinski, Stephen; Kudlyak, Marianna (2009-09)
Many states give mortgage lenders strong legal means by which to pursue debt collection in the event of a mortgage default. In those states, probability of default is lower and the forms the default takes are often quite different from a costly conventional foreclosure.
Richmond Fed Economic Brief , Issue Sep

Report
Determinants of mortgage default and consumer credit use: the effects of foreclosure laws and foreclosure delays
Chan, Sewin; Haughwout, Andrew F.; Hayashi, Andrew; Van der Klaauw, Wilbert (2015-06-01)
The mortgage default decision is part of a complex household credit management problem. We examine how factors affecting mortgage default spill over to other credit markets. As home equity turns negative, homeowners default on mortgages and HELOCs at higher rates, whereas they prioritize repaying credit cards and auto loans. Larger unused credit card limits intensify the preservation of credit cards over housing debt. Although mortgage non-recourse statutes increase default on all types of housing debt, they reduce credit card defaults. Foreclosure delays increase default rates for both ...
Staff Reports , Paper 732

Report
Bad credit, no problem? Credit and labor market consequences of bad credit reports
Song, Jae; Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul; Mahoney, Neale; Dobbie, Will (2016-10-01)
Credit reports are used in nearly all consumer lending decisions and, increasingly, in hiring decisions in the labor market, but the impact of a bad credit report is largely unknown. We study the effects of credit reports on financial and labor market outcomes using a difference-in-differences research design that compares changes in outcomes over time for Chapter 13 filers, whose personal bankruptcy flags are removed from credit reports after seven years, to changes for Chapter 7 filers, whose personal bankruptcy flags are removed from credit reports after ten years. Using credit bureau ...
Staff Reports , Paper 795

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