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Working Paper
Uncertainty and Growth Disasters
Jovanovic, Boyan; Ma, Sai
(2020-05-07)
This paper documents several stylized facts on the real effects of economic uncertainty. First, higher uncertainty is associated with a more dispersed and negatively skewed distribution of output growth. Second, the response of economic growth to an increase in uncertainty is highly nonlinear and asymmetric. Third, higher asset volatility magnifies the negative impact of uncertainty on growth. We develop and estimate an analytically tractable model in which rapid adoption of new technology may raise economic uncertainty which causes measured productivity to decline. The equilibrium growth ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 1279
Working Paper
Spectral backtests unbounded and folded
Gordy, Michael B.; McNeil, Alexander J.
(2024-08-02)
In the spectral backtesting framework of Gordy and McNeil (JBF, 2020) a probability measure on the unit interval is used to weight the quantiles of greatest interest in the validation of forecast models using probability-integral transform (PIT) data. We extend this framework to allow general Lebesgue-Stieltjes kernel measures with unbounded distribution functions, which brings powerful new tests based on truncated location-scale families into the spectral class. Moreover, by considering uniform distribution preserving transformations of PIT values the test framework is generalized to allow ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2024-060
Working Paper
The Relationship between Market Depth and Liquidity Fragility in the Treasury Market
Meldrum, Andrew C.; Sokolinskiy, Oleg
(2025-02-21)
Analysis of market liquidity often focuses on measures of the current cost of trading. However, investors and policy-makers also care about what would happen to liquidity in the event of an adverse shock. If liquidity were to deteriorate rapidly at times when investors were seeking to rebalance portfolios, this could amplify the effects of shocks to the financial system even if liquidity is high most of the time. We examine the potential for such fragility of liquidity in the Treasury market. We show that a reduction in the availability of resting orders to trade ("market depth") increases ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2025-014
Working Paper
Capital Controls and the Global Financial Cycle
Matschke, Johannes; Lovchikova, Marina
(2021-09-08)
Capital flows into emerging markets are volatile and associated with risks. A common prescription is to impose counter-cyclical capital controls that tighten during economic booms to mitigate future sudden-stop dynamics, but it has been challenging to document such patterns in the data. Instead, we show that emerging markets tighten their capital controls in response to volatility in international financial markets and elevated risk aversion. We develop a model in which this behavior arises from a desire to manipulate the risk premium. When investors are more risk-averse or markets are ...
Research Working Paper
, Paper RWP 21-08
Working Paper
When do low-frequency measures really measure transaction costs?
Jahan-Parvar, Mohammad; Zikes, Filip
(2019-07-08)
We compare popular measures of transaction costs based on daily data with their high-frequency data-based counterparts. We find that for U.S. equities and major foreign exchange rates, (i) the measures based on daily data are highly upward biased and imprecise; (ii) the bias is a function of volatility; and (iii) it is primarily volatility that drives the dynamics of these liquidity proxies both in the cross section as well as over time. We corroborate our results in carefully designed simulations and show that such distortions arise when the true transaction costs are small relative to ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2019-051
Working Paper
Taxonomy of Global Risk, Uncertainty, and Volatility Measures
Datta, Deepa Dhume; Rodriguez, Marius del Giudice; Rogers, John H.; Londono, Juan M.; Jahan-Parvar, Mohammad; Ferreira, Thiago Revil T.; Iacoviello, Matteo; Beltran, Daniel O.; Sun, Bo; Li, Canlin
(2017-11-21)
A large number of measures for monitoring risk and uncertainty surrounding macroeconomic and financial outcomes have been proposed in the literature, and these measures are frequently used by market participants, policy makers, and researchers in their analyses. However, risk and uncertainty measures differ across multiple dimensions, including the method of calculation, the underlying outcome (that is, the asset price or macroeconomic variable), and the horizon at which they are calculated. Therefore, in this paper, we review the literature on global risk, uncertainty, and volatility ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 1216
Working Paper
Risk in a Data-Rich Model
Caldara, Dario; Mumtaz, Haroon; Zhong, Molin
(2026-03-30)
We characterize asymmetric tail risk across over one hundred U.S. macroeconomic and financial variables using a dynamic factor model with stochastic volatility. The model unifies growth-at-risk, inflation-at-risk, and sectoral heterogeneity through common factors whose volatility responds endogenously to shocks, combined with heterogeneous factor loadings. We find that asymmetric tail risk is pervasive and heterogeneous: some sectors exhibit severe asymmetry while others show minimal asymmetry, with variation across activity, price, and financial variables. The framework disentangles supply- ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 1435
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