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Working Paper
Effects of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) on Small Business Lending
This study provides new evidence on the effectiveness of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) on small business lending by focusing on a sample of neighborhoods with changed CRA eligibility status across the country because of an exogenous policy shock in 2013. The results of difference-in-differences analysis provide consistent evidence that the CRA promotes small business lending, especially in terms of number of loan originations, in lower-income neighborhoods. The generally positive effects of the CRA are sensitive to the types of CRA treatment. Losing CRA eligibility status has a ...
How PPP Loans Eluded Small Businesses of Color
Using national- and state-representative data from small business owners from the Federal Reserve System’s Small Business Credit Survey, we found that small business owners of color were in greater need of financial support than their white-owned counterparts, but they successfully accessed the PPP less frequently.
COVID-19 and CRA: Fed Issues Guidance on Helping Communities Through the Crisis
To help support economic resiliency, we are providing Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) consideration for banking and lending activities in response to COVID-19.
Women-Veteran Entrepreneurs Face Hardships Made Worse by Pandemic
Businesses that were already vulnerable before the COVID-19 pandemic have become even more so during the ensuing recession the last few months. These businesses tend to be smaller and younger and are disproportionately owned by Hispanic and especially Black entrepreneurs.
Dallas Faces a Gaping Digital Divide When It Comes to Economic Inclusion
In the city of Dallas, about 42 percent of households lack a fixed connection to the internet. What does this mean for our neighbors’ economic future? How can we close the digital divide?
Opportunity Zones: How Will We Know if Communities Reap the Benefits?
Much has happened since the Dallas Fed released its first article on Opportunity Zones (OZs). While we know a lot more than we did, some aspects of OZs remain unclear.
Shock, Grief and Opportunity: The Emotional Roller Coaster of COVID-19 in the Small Business Community
Given that small businesses employ nearly half of all private sector workers, their struggles directly impact both the well-being of workers and the broader economy.
Communities Step Up to Address Economic Impact of COVID-19
At local and national levels, nonprofits, government agencies, funders and financial institutions are all working to mitigate this economic shock for households and businesses.
Women Veteran Business Owners: We Want to Hear From You
Women veteran-owned small businesses are an important part of our regional economy, but little is known about their needs and challenges.