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Report
Banks' reserve management, transaction costs, and the timing of the Federal Reserve intervention
Bartolini, Leonardo; Prati, Alessandro; Bertola, Giuseppe (2000)
We use daily data on bank reserves and overnight interest rates to document a striking pattern in the high-frequency behavior of the U.S. market for federal funds: depository institutions tend to hold more reserves during the last few days of each "reserve maintenance period," when the opportunity cost of holding reserves is typically highest. We then propose and analyze a model of the federal funds market where uncertain liquidity flows and transaction costs induce banks to delay trading and to bid up interest rates at the end of each maintenance period. In this context, the central bank's ...
Staff Reports , Paper 109

Report
The Federal Reserve's Commercial Paper Funding Facility
Kimbrough, Karin; Marchioni, Dina; Adrian, Tobias (2010)
The Federal Reserve created the Commercial Paper Funding Facility (CPFF) in the midst of severe disruptions in money markets following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on September 15, 2008. The CPFF finances the purchase of highly rated unsecured and asset-backed commercial paper from eligible issuers via primary dealers. The facility is a liquidity backstop to U.S. issuers of commercial paper, and its creation was part of a range of policy actions undertaken by the Federal Reserve to provide liquidity to the financial system. This paper documents aspects of the financial crisis relevant to ...
Staff Reports , Paper 423

Journal Article
The effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy: the term auction facility
Thornton, Daniel L. (2011-11)
This paper investigates the effectiveness of one of the Federal Reserve?s unconventional monetary policy tools, the term auction facility (TAF). At issue is whether the TAF reduced the spread between the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) rates and equivalent-term Treasury rates by reducing the liquidity premium embedded in LIBOR rates. This paper suggests that rather than reducing the liquidity premium in LIBOR rates, the announcement of the TAF increased the risk premium in financial and other bond rates because market participants interpreted the announcement by the Fed and other ...
Review , Volume 93 , Issue Nov , Pages 439-454

Journal Article
Trading activity and price transparency in the inflation swap market
Sporn, John; Fleming, Michael J. (2013-05)
The issues of liquidity and price transparency in derivatives markets have taken on greater import given regulatory efforts under way to improve their transparency. To date, the lack of transaction data has impeded the understanding of how the inflation swap and other derivatives markets operate. This article broadens that understanding by using a novel transaction data set to examine trading activity and price transparency in the quickly growing U.S. inflation swap market. The authors find that the market appears reasonably liquid and transparent, despite its over-the-counter nature and ...
Economic Policy Review , Volume 19 , Issue May , Pages 45-57

Journal Article
The Fed's exit strategy for monetary policy
Rudebusch, Glenn D. (2010)
As the financial crisis has receded, the Federal Reserve has scaled back its extraordinary provision of liquidity. Eventually, the Fed will remove all remaining monetary stimulus by raising the federal funds rate and shrinking its balance sheet. The timing of such renormalizations depends crucially on evolving economic conditions.
FRBSF Economic Letter

Conference Paper
Resolving the liquidity effect: commentary
Christiano, Lawrence J. (1995-05)
Proceedings , Issue May , Pages 55-62

Working Paper
Liquidity, default, taxes and yields on municipal bonds
Zhang, Frank X.; Wu, Chunchi; Wang, Junbo (2005)
We examine the relative yields of Treasuries and municipals using a generalized model that includes liquidity as a state factor. Using a unique transaction dataset, we are able to estimate the liquidity risk of municipals and its effect on bond yields. We find that a substantial portion of the maturity spread between long- and short-maturity municipal bonds is attributable to the liquidity premium. Controlling for the effects of default and liquidity risk, we obtain implicit tax rates very close to the statutory tax rates of high-income individuals and corporations, and these tax rate ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2005-35

Discussion Paper
A conference on liquidity in frictional markets
Haubrich, Joseph G.; Wright, Randall; Rocheteau, Guillaume; Weill, Pierre-Olivier (2009-05)
This Policy Discussion Paper summarizes the papers that were presented at the Liquidity in Frictional Markets conference in November 2008. The papers, which looked at markets for assets as diverse as houses, bank loans, and electronic funds transfer, all explored that amorphous concept called liquidity and how its presenceor absenceaffects the economy.
Policy Discussion Papers , Issue May

Journal Article
Surveys of liquid asset holdings
Weiler, Emanuel T. (1945-09)
Federal Reserve Bulletin , Issue Sep

Report
The case for TIPS: an examination of the costs and benefits
Roush, Jennifer E.; Dudley, William; Ezer, Michelle Steinberg (2008)
Several studies have shown that, ex-post, the issuance of Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) has cost U.S. taxpayers money. We propose that evaluations of the TIPS program be more comprehensive and focus on the ex-ante costs of TIPS issuance versus nominal Treasury issuance and, especially when these costs are negligible, the more difficult-to-measure benefits of the program. Our study finds that the ex-ante costs of TIPS issuance versus nominal Treasury issuance are currently about equal and that TIPS provide meaningful benefits to investors and policymakers.
Staff Reports , Paper 353

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