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Working Paper
Have money-stock fluctuations had a liquidity effect on expected real interest rates?
Oh, Seonghwan; Diba, Behzad T. (1988)
Working Papers , Paper 88-19

Working Paper
Outside versus inside bonds: a Modigliani-Miller type result for liquidity constrained economies
Berentsen, Aleksander; Waller, Christopher J. (2009)
When agents are liquidity constrained, two options exist - sell assets or borrow. We compare the allocations arising in two economies: in one, agents can sell government bonds (outside bonds) and in the other they can borrow (issue inside bonds). All transactions are voluntary, implying no taxation or forced redemption of private debt. We show that any allocation in the economy with inside bonds can be replicated in the economy with outside bonds but that the converse is not true. However, the optimal policy in each economy makes the allocations equivalent.
Working Papers , Paper 2009-056

Report
Volatility and liquidity in futures markets
Locke, Peter; Sarkar, Asani (1996)
We study the provision of liquidity in futures markets as price volatility changes. For both active and inactive contracts, customer trading costs do not increase with volatility. However, for three of the four contracts studied, the nature of liquidity supply changes with volatility. Specifically, for relatively inactive contracts, customers as a group trade more with each other (and less with market makers) on higher volatility days. By contrast, for the most active contract, trading between customers and market makers increases with volatility. We also find that market makers' income per ...
Research Paper , Paper 9612

Report
The case for TIPS: an examination of the costs and benefits
Roush, Jennifer E.; Dudley, William; Ezer, Michelle Steinberg (2008)
Several studies have shown that, ex-post, the issuance of Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) has cost U.S. taxpayers money. We propose that evaluations of the TIPS program be more comprehensive and focus on the ex-ante costs of TIPS issuance versus nominal Treasury issuance and, especially when these costs are negligible, the more difficult-to-measure benefits of the program. Our study finds that the ex-ante costs of TIPS issuance versus nominal Treasury issuance are currently about equal and that TIPS provide meaningful benefits to investors and policymakers.
Staff Reports , Paper 353

Working Paper
Liquidity in frictional asset markets
Rocheteau, Guillaume; Weill, Pierre-Olivier (2011)
On November 14-15, 2008, the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland hosted a conference on ?Liquidity in Frictional Asset Markets.? In this paper we review the literature on asset markets with trading frictions in both finance and monetary theory using a simple search-theoretic model, and we discuss the papers presented at the conference in the context of this literature. We will show the diversity of topics covered in this literature, e.g., the dynamics of housing and credit markets, the functioning of payment systems, optimal monetary policy and the cost of inflation, the role of banks, the ...
Working Papers (Old Series) , Paper 1105

Report
The changing nature of financial intermediation and the financial crisis of 2007-09
Adrian, Tobias; Shin, Hyun Song (2010)
The financial crisis of 2007-09 highlighted the changing role of financial institutions and the growing importance of the "shadow banking system," which grew out of the securitization of assets and the integration of banking with capital market developments. This trend was most pronounced in the United States, but it also had a profound influence on the global financial system as a whole. In a market-based financial system, banking and capital market developments are inseparable, and funding conditions are tied closely to fluctuations in the leverage of market-based financial intermediaries. ...
Staff Reports , Paper 439

Journal Article
Measuring treasury market liquidity
Fleming, Michael J. (2003-09)
This paper was presented at the conference "Economic Statistics: New Needs for the Twenty-First Century," cosponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, and the National Association for Business Economics, July 11, 2002. Securities liquidity is important to those who transact in markets, those who monitor market conditions, and those who analyze market developments. This article estimates and evaluates a comprehensive set of liquidity measures for the U.S. Treasury securities market. The author finds that the commonly used bid-ask ...
Economic Policy Review , Issue Sep , Pages 83-108

Working Paper
A fully-rational liquidity-based theory of IPO underpricing and underperformance
Pritsker, Matthew (2006)
I present a fully-rational symmetric-information model of an IPO, and a dynamic imperfectly competitive model of trading in the IPO aftermarket. The model helps to explain IPO underpricing, underperformance, and why share allocations favor large institutional investors. In the model, underwriters need to sell a fixed number of shares at the IPO or in the aftermarket. To maximize revenue and avoid selling into the aftermarket where they can be exploited by large investors, underwriters distort share allocations towards investors with market power, and set the IPO offer price below the ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2006-12

Report
Money, interest rates, and exchange rates with endogenously segmented markets
Kehoe, Patrick J.; Alvarez, Fernando; Atkeson, Andrew (2000)
This paper analyzes the effects of money injections on interest rates and exchange rates in a model in which agents must pay a Baumol-Tobin style fixed cost to exchange bonds and money. Asset markets are endogenously segmented because this fixed cost leads agents to trade bonds and money only infrequently. When the government injects money through an open market operation, only those agents that are currently trading absorb these injections. Through their impact on these agents? consumption, these money injections affect real interest rates and real exchange rates. We show that the model ...
Staff Report , Paper 278

Report
Globalized banks: lending to emerging markets in the crisis
Goldberg, Linda S.; Cetorelli, Nicola (2009)
As banking has become more globalized, so too have the consequences of shocks originating in home and host markets. Global banks can provide liquidity and risk-sharing opportunities to the host market in the event of adverse host-country shocks, but they can also have profound effects across international markets. Indeed, global banks played a significant role in the transmission of the current crisis to emerging-market economies. Flows between global banks and emerging markets include both cross-border lending, which has long been recognized as responding significantly to shocks at home or ...
Staff Reports , Paper 377

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