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How Many Federal Dollars Authorized under Recent Legislation Are Likely to Be Spent in Fourth District States?
Recent legislation such as the American Rescue Plan Act has authorized increased federal spending over the coming years. This District Data Brief analyzes available data to estimate how much this legislation will boost federal spending in Fourth District states.
Introduction to the Cleveland Fed Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) Indexes
This District Data Brief introduces the Cleveland Fed Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) indexes, which provide a timely summary of economic conditions in the Fourth Federal Reserve District. The indexes are based on responses to the Cleveland Fed SORCE, a survey of business and community leaders about regional economic conditions.
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Community Issues and Insights 2024: A Record-High Share of Respondents Observed a Decline in Affordable Housing
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland’s Community Issues Survey (CIS) collects information semiannually from direct service providers to monitor economic conditions and identify issues impacting low- and moderate-income (LMI) households in the Fourth District, a region that includes Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia. In March 2024, we surveyed nearly 600 organizations that directly serve LMI individuals and communities across our District and received 100 responses (17 percent response rate). The results of this survey are summarized ...
Key Takeaways from the Business Outlook and Trends Survey
This District Data Brief analyzes the results of the inaugural Business Outlook and Trends Survey (BOTS), which aimed to shed light on business conditions in the Fourth District. Firms were asked about their business conditions during the six months prior to the survey and their expectations for the six months following the survey. The survey covered topics such as consumer demand, capital investments, and staffing levels.
SORCE Insights: An Initial Look at the Anticipated Impact of Tariffs on Fourth District Businesses
The Cleveland Fed’s Survey of Regional Conditions and Expectations (SORCE) administered in February 2025 asked respondents from across the Fourth District a set of special questions about the potential impact of tariffs on their business. This District Data Brief analyzes their responses.
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Show Me the Low Inflation
The Fed is focused on its mission to support the economy and financial system on behalf of the public. Right now, the economy is in a good place, and policy is calibrated to keep us here with healthy conditions in the labor market and continued downward pressure on inflation for a return to our 2 percent objective. We recognize that although the overall economic picture looks positive, there are families who are still struggling. At the Cleveland Fed, our teams are active in communities across the Fourth District, including Lexington, to help us better understand regional economic ...
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Using the Occupational Mobility Explorer to Understand Which Skills Are Most in Demand
Using data from the Occupational Mobility Explorer, this report examines which skills are most in demand by employers, how demand for skills differs across Fourth District states and across the wage distribution, and which skills should be invested in to support economic mobility.
The Quality of Jobs Created Since the Start of the COVID-19-Related Recession
Although the employment recovery in the current business cycle has been robust, there remains a question about the quality of the jobs being created. This District Data Brief suggests that, both nationally and across Fourth District states, job growth has generally been tilted toward high-pay industries since the COVID-19-related recession began in February 2020.