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                                                                                    Working Paper
                                                                                
                                            Monetary policy expectations and economic fluctuations at the zero lower bound
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                                                                    
                                                                                                    We propose a recursive VAR model augmented with survey-based measures of future interest rates to identify the effects of forward guidance on the U.S. economy. Our results show that when interest rates are away from the zero lower bound (ZLB), an exogenous shift in the perception toward higher future interest rates leads to an increase in current economic activity. However, when policy rates fall to the ZLB, economic activity decreases following an upward revision to expected future interest rates. These findings are robust to alternative estimation frameworks, identification schemes and data ...