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Journal Article
Global Value Chains and U.S. Economic Activity During COVID-19
Santacreu, Ana Maria; Leibovici, Fernando; LaBelle, Jesse (2021-05-05)
We investigate the role of global value chains in the declines of manufacturing employment and output in the U.S. during COVID-19. Specifically, we identify the role of global value chains by exploiting heterogeneity across industries in cross-country sourcing patterns and its interaction with exogenous cross-country variation in the containment policies introduced to combat the virus. We find that global value chains played a significant role in the decline of output and employment across U.S. manufactures. Moreover, we find a modest impact of diversifying or renationalizing global value ...
Review , Volume 103 , Issue 3 , Pages 271-288

Working Paper
Innovation, Productivity, and Monetary Policy
Moran, Patrick Donnelly; Queraltó, Albert (2017-11-22)
To what extent can monetary policy impact business innovation and productivity growth? We use a New Keynesian model with endogenous total factor productivity (TFP) to quantify the TFP losses due to the constraints on monetary policy imposed by the zero lower bound (ZLB) and the TFP benefits of tightening monetary policy more slowly than currently anticipated. In the model, monetary policy influences firms incentives to develop and implement innovations. We use evidence on the dynamic effects of R&D and monetary shocks to estimate key parameters and assess model performance. The model suggests ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1217

Working Paper
Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts
Taylor, Alan M.; Jordà, Òscar; Schularick, Moritz (2016-10-12)
In advanced economies, a century-long near-stable ratio of credit to GDP gave way to rapid financialization and surging leverage in the last forty years. This ?financial hockey stick? coincides with shifts in foundational macroeconomic relationships beyond the widely-noted return of macroeconomic fragility and crisis risk. Leverage is correlated with central business cycle moments, which we can document thanks to a decade-long international and historical data collection effort. More financialized economies exhibit somewhat less real volatility, but also lower growth, more tail risk, as well ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2016-23

Working Paper
Bad Investments and Missed Opportunities? Capital Flows to Asia and Latin America, 1950-2007
Ohanian, Lee E.; Restrepo-Echavarria, Paulina; Wright, Mark L. J. (2013-11-25)
After World War II, international capital flowed into slow-growing Latin America rather than fast-growing Asia. This is surprising as, everything else equal, fast growth should imply high capital returns. This paper develops a capital flow accounting framework to quantify the role of different factor market distortions in producing these patterns. Surprisingly, we find that distortions in labor markets ? rather than domestic or international capital markets ? account for the bulk of these flows. Labor market distortions that indirectly depress investment incentives by lowering equilibrium ...
Working Papers , Paper 2014-38

Working Paper
Climate Defaults and Financial Adaptation
Phan, Toan; Schwartzman, Felipe (2023-03)
We analyze the relationship between climate-related disasters and sovereign debt crises using a model with capital accumulation, sovereign default, and disaster risk. We find that disaster risk and default risk together lead to slow post-disaster recovery and heightened borrowing costs. Calibrating the model to Mexico, we find that the increase in cyclone risk due to climate change leads to a welfare loss equivalent to a permanent 1% consumption drop. However, financial adaptation via catastrophe bonds and disaster insurance can reduce these losses by about 25%. Our study highlights the ...
Working Paper , Paper 23-06

Working Paper
Global Financial Cycles and Risk Premiums
Jordà, Òscar; Ward, Felix; Taylor, Alan M.; Schularick, Moritz (2018-06-11)
This paper studies the synchronization of financial cycles across 17 advanced economies over the past 150 years. The comovement in credit, house prices, and equity prices has reached historical highs in the past three decades. The sharp increase in the comovement of global equity markets is particularly notable. We demonstrate that fluctuations in risk premiums, and not risk-free rates and dividends, account for a large part of the observed equity price synchronization after 1990. We also show that U.S. monetary policy has come to play an important role as a source of fluctuations in risk ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2018-5

Working Paper
Global Trade and GDP Co-Movement
Gaillard, Alexandre; de Soyres, Francois (2020-05-27)
We revisit the association between trade and GDP comovement for 135 countries from 1970 to 2009. Guided by a simple theory, we introduce two notions of trade linkages: (i) the usual direct bilateral trade index and (ii) new indexes of common exposure to third countries capturing the role of similarity in trade networks. Both measures are economically and statistically associated with GDP correlation, suggesting an additional channel through which GDP fluctuations propagate through trade linkages. Moreover, high income countries become more synchronized when the content of their trade is ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1282

Working Paper
Labor Market Institutions and the Effects of Financial Openness
Du, Qingyuan; Wei, Shang-Jin; Nie, Jun (2019-11-26)
We propose a new channel to explain why developing countries may fail to beneﬁt from ﬁnancial globalization, based on labor market institutions. In our model, ﬁnancial openness in a developing country with a rigid labor market leads to capital outﬂow, and both employment and output fall. In contrast, ﬁnancial openness in a developing country with a ﬂexible labor market beneﬁts the country. Our model suggests that enhancing labor market ﬂexibility is a complementary reform for developing countries opening capital accounts.
Research Working Paper , Paper RWP 19-11

Working Paper
The impact of risk cycles on business cycles: a historical view
Daníelsson, Jón; Valenzuela, Marcela; Zer, Ilknur (2022-09-09)
We investigate the effects of financial risk cycles on business cycles, using a panel spanning 73 countries since 1900. Agents use a Bayesian learning model to form their beliefs on risk. We construct a proxy of these beliefs and show that perceived low risk encourages risk-taking, augmenting growth at the cost of accumulating financial vulnerabilities, and therefore, a reversal in growth follows. The reversal is particularly pronounced when the low-risk environment persists and credit growth is excessive. Global-risk cycles have a stronger effect on growth than local-risk cycles via their ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1358

Working Paper
Value Added and Productivity Linkages Across Countries
Gaillard, Alexandre; de Soyres, Francois (2019-11-22)
What is the relationship between international trade and business cycle synchronization? Using data from 40 countries, we find that GDP comovement is significantly associated with trade in intermediate inputs but not with trade in final goods. Motivated by this new fact, we build a model of international trade that is able to replicate the empirical trade-comovement slope, offering the first quantitative solution for the Trade Comovement Puzzle. The model relies on (i) global value chains, (ii) price distortions due to monopolistic competition and (iii) fluctuations in the mass of firms ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1266

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