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Macroeconomic Volatility and External Imbalances
Fogli, Alessandra; Perri, Fabrizio (2015-05-11)
Does macroeconomic volatility/uncertainty affect accumulation of net foreign assets? In OECD economies over the period 1970-2012, changes in country specific aggregate volatility are, after controlling for a wide array of factors, significantly positively associated with net foreign asset position. An increase in volatility (measured as the standard deviation of GDP growth) of 0.5% over period of 10 years is associated with an increase in the net foreign assets of around 8% of GDP. A standard open economy model with time varying aggregate uncertainty can quantitatively account for this ...
Staff Report , Paper 512

Report
The Effects of the saving and banking glut on the U.S. economy
Justiniano, Alejandro; Tambalotti, Andrea; Primiceri, Giorgio E. (2013-10-01)
We use a quantitative equilibrium model with houses, collateralized debt, and foreign borrowing to study the impact of global imbalances on the U.S. economy in the 2000s. Our results suggest that the dynamics of foreign capital flows account for between one-fourth and one-third of the increase in U.S. house prices and household debt that preceded the financial crisis. The key to these findings is that the model generates the sustained low level of interest rates observed over that period.
Staff Reports , Paper 648

Working Paper
The Globalisation of Inflation: the Growing Importance of Global Value Chains
Auer, Raphael; Filardo, Andrew J.; Borio, Claudio (2017-01-01)
Greater international economic interconnectedness over recent decades has been changing inflation dynamics. This paper presents evidence that the expansion of global value chains (GVCs), ie cross-border trade in intermediate goods and services, is an important channel through which global economic slack influences domestic inflation. In particular, we document the extent to which the growth in GVCs explains the established empirical correlation between global economic slack and national inflation rates, both across countries and over time. Accounting for the role of GVCs, we also find that ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 300

Working Paper
Ties That Bind: Estimating the Natural Rate of Interest for Small Open Economies
Zhang, Ren; Wynne, Mark A.; Martinez-Garcia, Enrique; Grossman, Valerie (2019-03-31)
This paper estimates the natural interest rate for six small open economies (Australia, Canada, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland and the U.K.) with a structural New Keynesian model using Bayesian techniques. Our empirical analysis establishes the following four novel findings: First, we show that the open-economy framework provides a better fit of the data than its closed-economy counterpart for the six countries we investigate. Second, we also show that, in all six countries, a monetary policy rule in which the domestic real policy rate tracks the Wicksellian domestic short-term natural rate ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 359

Working Paper
Mind the Gap!—A Monetarist View of the Open-Economy Phillips Curve
Martinez-Garcia, Enrique; Dur, Ayse (2020-06-26)
In many countries, inflation has become less responsive to domestic factors and more responsive to global factors over the past decades. We introduce money and credit into the workhorse open-economy New Keynesian model. With this framework, we show that: (i) an efficient forecast of domestic inflation is based solely on domestic and foreign slack, and (ii) global liquidity (global money as well as global credit) is tied to global slack in equilibrium. Then, motivated by the theory, we evaluate empirically the performance of open-economy Phillips-curve-based forecasts constructed using global ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 392

Working Paper
Monetary Policy and Dutch Disease: The Case of Price and Wage Rigidity
Nicolini, Juan Pablo; Hevia, Constantino (2015-06-08)
We study a model of a small open economy that specializes in the production of commodities and that exhibits frictions in the setting of both prices and wages. We study the optimal response of monetary and exchange rate policy following a positive (negative) shock to the price of the exportable that generates an appreciation (depreciation) of the local currency. According to the calibrated version of the model, deviations from full price stability can generate welfare gains that are equivalent to almost 0.5% of lifetime consumption, as long as there is a significant degree of rigidity in ...
Working Papers , Paper 726

Working Paper
Estimating Dynamic Macroeconomic Models : How Informative Are the Data?
Beltran, Daniel O.; Draper, David (2016-08)
Central banks have long used dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models, which are typically estimated using Bayesian techniques, to inform key policy decisions. This paper offers an empirical strategy that quantifies the information content of the data relative to that of the prior distribution. Using an off-the-shelf DSGE model applied to quarterly Euro Area data from 1970:3 to 2009:4, we show how Monte Carlo simulations can reveal parameters for which the model's structure obscures identification. By integrating out components of the likelihood function and conducting a Bayesian ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1175

Working Paper
Optimal monetary policy in a currency union with interest rate spreads
Bhattarai, Saroj; Park, Woong Yong; Lee, Jae Won (2013)
We introduce ?financial imperfections? - asymmetric net wealth positions, incomplete risksharing, and interest rate spread across member countries - in a prototypical two-country currency union model and study implications for monetary policy transmission mechanism and optimal policy. In addition to, and independent from, the standard transmission mechanism associated with nominal rigidities, financial imperfections introduce a wealth redistribution role for monetary policy. Moreover, the two mechanisms reinforce each other and amplify the effects of monetary policy. On the normative side, ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 150

Working Paper
Exchange rates dynamics with long-run risk and recursive preferences
Kollmann, Robert (2014-11-01)
Standard macro models cannot explain why real exchange rates are volatile and disconnected from macro aggregates. Recent research argues that models with persistent growth rate shocks and recursive preferences can solve that puzzle. I show that this result is highly sensitive to the structure of financial markets. When just a bond is traded internationally, then long-run risk generates insufficient exchange rate volatility. A long-run risk model with recursive-preferences can generate realistic exchange rate volatility, if all agents efficiently share their consumption risk by trading in ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 212

Working Paper
Labor Market Institutions and the Effects of Financial Openness
Du, Qingyuan; Wei, Shang-Jin; Nie, Jun (2019-11-26)
We propose a new channel to explain why developing countries may fail to beneﬁt from ﬁnancial globalization, based on labor market institutions. In our model, ﬁnancial openness in a developing country with a rigid labor market leads to capital outﬂow, and both employment and output fall. In contrast, ﬁnancial openness in a developing country with a ﬂexible labor market beneﬁts the country. Our model suggests that enhancing labor market ﬂexibility is a complementary reform for developing countries opening capital accounts.
Research Working Paper , Paper RWP 19-11

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