Search Results

(refine search)

SORT BY: PREVIOUS / NEXT

All:
Title:
Author:
Abstract:
Keywords:

+ Add Search Parameter

Working Paper
Household, Bank, and Insurer Exposure to Miami Hurricanes: a flow-of-risk analysis
Dennis, Benjamin (2023-02-13)
We analyze possible future financial losses in the event of hurricane damage to Miami residential real estate, where the hurricane's destructiveness reflects climate-change. We focus on three scenarios: (i) a business-as-usual scenario, (ii) a Hurricane-Ian-spillovers scenario, and (iii) a cautious-markets scenario. We quantify bank exposures and loss rates, where exposures are proportional to the size of real estate markets and loss rates depend on post-hurricane devaluations and insurance coverage. This quantitative methodology could complement modeling of local economy impacts, stress ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2023-013

Discussion Paper
Flood Risk and Firm Location Decisions in the Fed’s Second District
Hannaoui, Oliver Zain; Jung, Hyeyoon; Santos, João A. C.; Seltzer, Lee (2023-11-14)
The intensity, duration, and frequency of flooding have increased over the past few decades. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 99 percent of U.S. counties have been impacted by a flooding event since 1999. As the frequency of flood events continues to increase, the number of people, buildings, and agriculture exposed to flood risk is only likely to grow. As a previous post points out, measuring the geographical accuracy of such risk is important and may impact bank lending. In this post, we focus on the distribution of flood risk within the Federal Reserve’s ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20231114

Working Paper
Unequal Climate Policy in an Unequal World
Hur, Sewon; Carroll, Daniel R.; Belfiori, Elisa (2025-01-31)
We study climate policy in an economy with heterogeneous households, two types of goods (clean and dirty), and a climate externality from the dirty good. Using household expenditure and emissions data, we document that low-income households have higher emissions per dollar spent than high-income households, making a flat carbon tax regressive. We build a model that captures this fact and study climate policies that are neutral with respect to the income distribution. We show that the constrained optimal carbon tax in a heterogeneous economy is heterogeneous: Higher-income households face a ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 427

Working Paper
Climate Shocks in the Anthropocene Era: Should Net Domestic Product Reflect Climate Disasters?
Nakamura, Leonard I.; Sliker, Brian (2025-01-07)
The asset costs of natural disasters in the United States grew rapidly from 1980 to 2023, with the trend rising 4.9 percent annually in real terms to $90 billion in 2023. Much of this trend in costs is likely due to climate change and, as a loss of assets, implies a faster depreciation of real assets. We argue that the expected depreciation from these events should be included in Consumption of Fixed Capital (CFC), leading to lower levels and slightly lower growth rates for Net Domestic Product (NDP) and Net Domestic Investment. We use Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood regressions to estimate ...
Working Papers , Paper 25-01

Working Paper
Last Resort Insurance: Wildfires and the Regulation of a Crashing Market
Taylor, Reid; Turland, Madeline; Weill, Joakim A. (2025-03-26)
An increasing number of people are denied home insurance coverage in the private market and must instead turn to state-sponsored plans known as “Insurers of Last Resort.” This paper examines how insurers of last resort interact with the private market under increasing disaster risks. We first present a simple model of an adversely selected insurance market, highlighting that the insurer of last resort allows strict price regulation to be compatible with full insurance. We then empirically study the California non-renewal moratoriums, a regulation that forced insurers to supply insurance ...
Working Papers , Paper 2510

Working Paper
Migration as a Vector of Economic Losses from Disaster-Affected Areas in the United States
Fussell, Elizabeth; DeWaard, Jack; Price, Kobie; Soto, Michael; Curtis, Katherine; McConnell, Kathryn; Castro, Catalina Anampa; Whitaker, Stephan (2021-10-13)
In this paper, we infuse consideration of migration into research on economic losses from extreme weather disasters. Taking a comparative case study approach and using data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York/Equifax Consumer Credit Panel, we document the size of economic losses via migration from 23 disaster-affected areas in the United States after the most damaging hurricanes, tornadoes, and wildfires on record. We then employ demographic standardization and decomposition to determine if these losses primarily reflect changes in out-migration or changes in the economic resources that ...
Working Papers , Paper 21-22

Report
Disaster (over-)insurance: the long-term financial and socioeconomic consequences of Hurricane Katrina
Bleemer, Zachary; Van der Klaauw, Wilbert (2017-02-01)
Federal disaster insurance?in the form of national flood insurance, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other programs?is designed to nationally-distribute large geography-specific shocks like earthquakes and hurricanes. This study examines the local longrun net impact of Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent policy response on impacted residents. Using a unique fifteen-year panel of five percent of adult Americans? credit reports, we find higher rates of insolvency and lower homeownership among inundated residents of New Orleans ten years after the storm, relative to their ...
Staff Reports , Paper 807

Working Paper
Industrial Composition of Syndicated Loans and Banks’ Climate Commitments
Hale, Galina; Meisenbacher, Brigid C.; Nechio, Fernanda (2024-07-30)
In the past two decades, a number of banks joined global initiatives aimed to mitigate climate change by “greening” their asset portfolios. We study whether banks that made such commitments have a different emission exposure of their portfolios of syndicated loans than banks that did not. We rely on loan-level information with global coverage combined with country-industry information on emissions. We find that all banks have reduced their loan-emission exposures over the last 8 years. However, we do not find differences between banks that did and those that did not signal their ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2024-23

Report
Input Sourcing Under Supply Chain Risk: Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing Firms
Blaum, Joaquin; Esposito, Federico; Heise, Sebastian (2025-02-01)
We study the effect of climate risk on how firms organize their supply chains. We use transaction-level data on U.S. manufacturing imports to construct a novel measure of input sourcing risk based on the historical volatility of ocean shipping times. Our measure isolates the unexpected component of shipping times that is induced by weather conditions along more than 40,000 maritime routes. We first document that unexpected shipping delays induced by weather shocks have significant negative effects on importers’ revenues, profits, and employment. We then show that more exposed firms actively ...
Staff Reports , Paper 1141

Working Paper
Banking on Deforestation: The Cost of Nonenforcement
Berger, Allen N.; Ortega, Cristina; Ossandon Busch, Matias; Roman, Raluca (2024-12-05)
Despite surging environmental laws, how their enforcement influences banks’ management of climate risks remains underexplored. Using the Brazilian Amazon as a laboratory, we examine the impact of a shock to environmental law enforcement capacity on bank management of risks arising from deforestation — a significant but understudied climate risk. After enforcement declined, Brazilian banks significantly altered their priorities to more short-term profitability over longer-term risk concerns. Banks greatly increased lending to agribusinesses engaged in deforestation and actively shifted ...
Working Papers , Paper 24-21

show more (122)

PREVIOUS / NEXT

Fed in Print

Search Results

FILTER BY year

FILTER BY Bank

FILTER BY Series

FILTER BY Content Type

FILTER BY Author

FILTER BY Jel Classification

FILTER BY Keywords